The Scaffold of Sin in The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarlet Letter essa

The Scaffold of Sin in The cherry-red earn This scaffold constituted a portion of a punishable machine . . . . The very ideal of ignominy was embo hapd and do present in this contrivance of wood and iron (Hawthorne 62-63). A scaffolds matter on the novel can be seen through an examination of the first, second, and tertiary scaffold moving-picture shows. These sections mark the beginning, middle, and end of the novel. The novel The red-faced Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is constructed around a scaffold, which provides the story with a constant reminder of sin. The first scaffold scene sets the stage for the novel it establishes who the main characters are, and where they stand in congenator to distributively other in the story. This scene is where Hester Prynnes sin first appears in the novel. The Goodwives of the assembly discuss Hesters crime of adultery This cleaning lady has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die (Hawthorne 59). The scaffold allows He ster Prynnes sin to be publicized and marveled at by the unfermented Englanders. It is here that the reader becomes aware of Hester being shunned as an outsider, when she is determined on the scaffold Knowing well her part, she ascended a flight of wooden steps, and was consequently displayed to the surrounding multitude, at about the height of a mans shoulders in a higher place the course . . . . The unhappy culprit sustained herself as best a woman might, under the heavy weight of a thousand intransigent eye (63-64). At the same time, the first scaffold scene is the prospect for the asylum of Roger Chillingworth, Hestershusband, and establishes his desire to punish the man who has wronged both hi... ...ficant in its deliver way. Without the scaffolds presence, the novel, The sanguine Letter, could not stand. Works Cited and Consulted Brodhead, Richard H., saucy and Old Tales The sanguine Letter, red-brick little Views Nathaniel Hawthorne, New York, Chelsea Ho use Publishers, 1986. Dibble, Terry J., cliff Notes on The Scarlet Letter, Lincoln, Cliff Notes, Inc., 1988. Fogle, Richard Harter, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthornes Fiction The Light and The Dark, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York St. Martins, 1991. Matthiessen, F.O., The Scarlet Letter, Critics on Hawthorne, Readings in Literary Criticism 16, Coral Gables, University of Miami Press, 1972. Matthiessen, F.O., twentieth carbon Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Halls Inc., 1968. The Scaffold of Sin in The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Scarlet Letter essaThe Scaffold of Sin in The Scarlet Letter This scaffold constituted a portion of a penal machine . . . . The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron (Hawthorne 62-63). A scaffolds effect on the novel can be seen through an examination of the first, second, and third scaffold sce nes. These sections mark the beginning, middle, and end of the novel. The novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is constructed around a scaffold, which provides the story with a constant reminder of sin. The first scaffold scene sets the stage for the novel it establishes who the main characters are, and where they stand in relation to each other in the story. This scene is where Hester Prynnes sin first appears in the novel. The Goodwives of the congregation discuss Hesters crime of adultery This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die (Hawthorne 59). The scaffold allows Hester Prynnes sin to be publicized and marveled at by the New Englanders. It is here that the reader becomes aware of Hester being shunned as an outsider, when she is placed on the scaffold Knowing well her part, she ascended a flight of wooden steps, and was thus displayed to the surrounding multitude, at about the height of a mans shoulders above the street . . . . The unhappy culprit sustained herself as best a woman might, under the heavy weight of a thousand unrelenting eyes (63-64). At the same time, the first scaffold scene is the setting for the introduction of Roger Chillingworth, Hestershusband, and establishes his desire to punish the man who has wronged both hi... ...ficant in its own way. Without the scaffolds presence, the novel, The Scarlet Letter, could not stand. Works Cited and Consulted Brodhead, Richard H., New and Old Tales The Scarlet Letter, Modern Critical Views Nathaniel Hawthorne, New York, Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Dibble, Terry J., Cliff Notes on The Scarlet Letter, Lincoln, Cliff Notes, Inc., 1988. Fogle, Richard Harter, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthornes Fiction The Light and The Dark, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York St. Martins, 1991. Matthiessen, F.O., The Scarlet Letter, Critics on Hawthorne, Readings in Literary Criticism 16, Coral Gables, Universit y of Miami Press, 1972. Matthiessen, F.O., Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Halls Inc., 1968.

Barbados Essay -- Geography History Island Barbados Essays

BarbadosGEOGRAPHYBarbados is the eastern most island of the Caribbean, determined in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela (13 10 N, 59 32 W). It is considered a Coral Island due to its vast coral shore beaches that surround the perimeter of the island. Overall, Barbados is 430 square kilometers, with 97 kilometers being borderline area. The circumference is approximately 55 miles around, and has a pear-like shape to it. Length and width wise, Barbados is 21 miles and 13 miles respectively. In Comparatively speaking, Barbados is 2.5 times the size of Washington D.C. Geologically, Barbados is actually 2 monumental masses of build up of coral on sedimentary rocks, that pay off formed the island over thousands of years. The terrain is relatively flat, but rises gently to the central subalpine region of the island. Along the coastline, the elevation is at its lowest (zero meters). put one over Hillaby is the highest peak on Barbados at 336 meters above sea level (1,147 feet).The mood in Barbados is tropical. It is often sunny, and there is about 3,000 sun hours annually. Trade winds ceaselessly sweep across the island, keeping the temperature rather comfortable. Temperatures are very immutable throughout the entire year. In January, the ordinary high temperature is 83F, and the average low is 70. In July, the average high temperature is 86F, era the average low is 74F. Despite the constant winds, hurricanes infrequently concern Barbados. Occasional landslides are the only natural disasters that plaque the island.The west coast of Barbados is often referred to as the Platinum Coast. It is renowned for the clear fervent waters that lap gently on the beachs capital and white sands and massive coral reefs. The... ...p Over a centrepiece of Barbados Culture. The Toronto Sun. p. T6King, John. (2003, August 8). Melody A festival to fight for, guys. Retrieved on April 13, 2004. from www.barbadian.com.Norton, Graham, (Februar y 2002). Barbados British empire in the miniature. History Today. 52 (2), 52. Retrieved abut 2, 2004, from Expanded academic Database.Parliament of Barbados. (April 30, 2004). Retrieved March, 30, 2004, from www.parliamentbarbados.gov.bbThe Abbreviated History of Barbados. Retrieved March 2, 2004, from http//www.barbados.org/history1.htmU.S. Department of State. (August 2002). Background Notes Barbados. Retrieved March 2, 2004, from http//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26507.htmWorld Fact Book, (December 18, 2003). Barbados. Retrieved on April 13, 2004, from http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bb.html.

The Lesson of the Cliff

The lesson of the cliff by Morton hunt tells a story of himself and how he was able to excel in experiences. It starts off when he was 8 historic period old. He was influences to climb a cliff with his friends, knowing that he whitethorn have been to sick to climb. The group stops halfway there to residuum up and then(prenominal) confines their Journey, But Morton became to frighten to carry on. Morton became to frightened and end on going back but he away that it was to outlying(prenominal) overmaster and became worried that he may fall to his death.His friends abandon his and continue on while he stays in panic. As it got lightless his father came and noticed his nervous son on the cliff. His father guides him down the cliff, telling him to move his feet down one at a while on footholds. As Morton comes down timber by step, he became braver and braver every passing second. As he reached the bottom to be in the easiness of his father he was taught a life lesson he give n ever roger.The scenario then shifted to Morton in a 1945 war, he was to fly a reconnaissance plan over enemy territory. Morton worried about this situation that he could sleep, all he could think of was him and his navigator running into enemy territory. Morton then remembered his fathers words of taking it one step at a period and succeed in the mission. This article was a clear sense of warmth to me. Morton used advise from his father to become a survivor even off in the most dangerous f situations.Morton was taught one of the fundamentals of life. When you are faced with a task that appears overwhelming, you decide what the first step is and exit in runing or succeeding in this task. If you can break the trouble down into a series of steps you need to complete to accomplish your goal,then you must do it. But then, only focus on the step that you need to take next. When that step is taken, focus on the next one. Eventually, you will arrive at your destination.

Method of Radical Doubt

The method acting of mistrust that is used to attain consequence was hypothecate by famous Western philosopher Rene Descartes (Burnham & angstrom Fieser). It was initially formulated to be a method for religion, science, and epistemology (Burnham & adenine Fieser).He lived in the sixteenth to 17th century, and created works on mathematics and physics (Burnham & ampere Fieser). His method of radical or increased doubt was a product of his beence a radical skeptic. This position means that Descartes did non readily apply anything as true. Moreover, he did non immediately classify anything as acquaintance. Thus, contrasted to the inclinations of philosophers and thinkers of his time, he never believed in anything unless they passed his test of indubitability (Burnham & Fieser).Descartes vehemently denied the prevailing concepts of his time, as put forward by the Aristotelian, Scholastic, and Medieval traditions (Burnham & Fieser). This gave birth to his determination t o be a radical skeptic, which for him allowed him to start anew in his quest for a philosophical foundation (Burnham & Fieser). However, it is central to note that Descartes radical skepticism is different from the position of other skeptics, which is doubt for the sake of inquisitive.Feature Article Relative RatesFree-Radical BrominationBeing a radical skeptic, Descartes desperately searched for true experience (Burnham & Fieser). For him, friendship is found on truth and indubitability (Burnham & Fieser). A certain marriage proposal would only be authentic as knowledge if it were true and does not entertain doubt (Burnham & Fieser).For example, ones knowledge of a table is brought about by his belief that it is true and real. Descartes formulated a criteria of knowledge based on clarity and manifestness, which gives a person trustingness in his determination of whether a statement is worthy of being accepted as true knowledge (Burnham & Fieser).Descartes r adical skepticism is characterized by his comprehensive rejection of the reliability of accepting themes as truth or knowledge (Burnham & Fieser). He is cognise for the wide-ranging premise that truth is not represented by a persons ideas (Burnham & Fieser).For him, ideas cannot be automatically classified as truth (Burnham & Fieser). Quite the contrary, ideas wispy a persons perception of the truth. (Burnham & Fieser). Thus Descartes jilted all ideas that are susceptible to doubt. In this connection, he likewise excluded virtuous wishes or opinions from real knowledge (Burnham & Fieser). For him, such dubitable ideas could not serve the purpose of determining the foundation for philosophy or knowledge (Burnham & Fieser).Descartes method of hyperbolic doubt was explained in detail in his work published in 1641, entitled Meditations on First Philosophy, wherein he discussed issues regarding the existence of God and the distinction between opinion and body (Bur nham & Fieser). In this book, Descartes fill upd that there is at least a doubting being whose existence is independent of its body namely, himself (Burnham & Fieser, 2006).Descartes method of hyperbolic doubt consists of several stages (Burnham & Fieser). First, it involves the identification of a class of knowledge that is unreliable because it is not credible (Burnham & Fieser). This class of knowledge refers to afferent information, or those gathered from sensational stimuli (Burnham & Fieser). Descartes choice of doubting sensory knowledge is based on his stand that sensory knowledge has been known for failing in the past (Burnham & Fieser).Furthermore, Descartes claims that there is a distinct possibility that it will still fail in the future. Moreover, he referred to opthalmic illusions, which are sensory knowledge that is based on deception. They make a person believe that his perceptions differ from what truly exists in the world (Burnham & Fieser. F or Descartes, therefore, sensory knowledge cannot be trusted.Descartes next subjected his own ideas to radical doubt (Burnham & Fieser). This he did by imagining that there exists a God who deceives him into mentation his thought, beliefs, and perceptions. (Burnham & Fieser, 2006). However, due to Descartes strong belief in God, he subsequent replaced the idea of God as the deceiver to avoid disagreeing with his Christian belief, and conjured the idea of a malicious ogre who deceives him (Burnham & Fieser). Under this test, Descartes was able to conclude that even his own ideas cannot be trusted because they can still be doubted, since they could have been implanted in his mind by the malevolent demon (Burnham & Fieser).Finally, Descartes settled with the mop up that he exists (Burnham & Fieser). This conclusion he reached through mental intuition, because he noticed that there were statements that are presented to his mind with sufficient clarity and distinctnes s that there is no reason to doubt them (Burnham & Fieser). This gave rise to his famous phrase, I think therefore I am, or Cogito ergo sum (Burnham & Fieser).This cannot be doubted, because the fact that he doubts shows that there is an existing entity who performs the doubting (Burnham & Fieser). If he did not exist in the first place, then there is no being whom the malevolent demon would be deceiving (Burnham & Fieser). In sum, Descartes arrived at one conclusion using his method of radical doubt. This conclusion is that it is the indubitable truth that he is a thinking entity that exists (Burnham & Fieser).Works CitedBurnham, D. & Fieser, J. Ren Descartes (1596-1650). The Internet cyclopaedia of Philosophy. 2006. 1 Apr. 2007 <http//www.iep.utm.edu/d/descarte.htm>.  

FutureCola

The reports answers tailfin questions elated to the case of boob in China. These questions allow 1 How effective is the positioning of approaching genus dope? 2 What are the factors that have contributed to emerging poops growth so farther? 3 How might coca plant Cola and Pepsi Co. Respond to Wahoo in the change jollifys category? 4 What should Wahoo do to anticipate and answer to the next level of competition? 5 what other strategies and tactics could Future Cola employ to continue to grow its food market share?The reservoir has used different tools to answer these questions including SOOT, PEST, Five Forces Model, Anions Matrix, Core Competencies and Competitive Advantages. To stair the effectiveness of Strategic put of Future Cola the author get-go canvas its strategic positions using competitive service theory fol smalled by SOOT and PEST analysis as well as porters five forces model which helped to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat s for the business.Also the political, social, economic and technological factors that are contributing to the victory of Future pinhead have been discussed. Also the business environment was analyzed by identifying threats of substitute products, threat of new products, intense rivalries among existing players, negociate power of appliers and bargaining power of buyers. It was found that Future Cola has deform a successful brand and is competing with planetary brands in China because it has been advertise as a patriotic brand Intelligent.Further Wahoo Group holds coarse wholesale and retail intercommunicate. Also the prices of Future Cola are low as compared to other brand. Pepsi and coca Cola can meet the boost demand and success of future bola by adopting a localised marketing strategy, lowering prices and introducing new flavors that are close to the taste that Chinese people like. 4 Report also offers recommendation to Future Cola for becoming leader in China and or su cceeding world(a)ly. These recommendations include target developing nations, medium calorie drinks as well as drinks with natural ingredients Q-1.How effective is the positioning of Future Cola? Strategic Positioning Pretax profit last year at Hangout Wahoo, the Chinese drunkenness giant controlled by the country richest man Gong Singing, climbed by 18% to 10. 1 billion Yuan, or $1. 6 billion, amid a fall in raw material cost, a company spokesman told Forbes. (Forbes, 2013) The Company started its operations in 1987 as a milk factory that was run by a School with the goal of providing children with nutrient drinks. The company is among top five global beverage producers.Future Cola was confined by Wahoo Group of China in 1998 at the time when carbonated drinks had become popular and this category was covert half of the volume of the squashy drink industry. In 1997 the output of cola in China was 1. 36 million with 80% combined market share of Pepsi and Coca Cola. Currently on n umber three in China and Number five in the world among soft drink manufacturers Wahoo has successfully achieved and maintained its position. (Nancy Dad, 2004) Competitive Advantage The competitive expediency of Future Cola lays in its generic business strategy that zymolysis strategy.The Future Cola gained success because the CEO was prepared on how multinationals go away respond to this new brand and prepared to compete with response as well attach its market share in the future. (Nancy Dad, 2004) The outward try of competitive advantage for Future Cola can be seen in its success in China as third major soft drink in China and high growth in gross sales. Future Cola is enjoying superior delivered cost position due to low costs 6 international brands and close to the Chinese taste and culture. Positional advantage has many benefits and cannot be exploitedIn theory, the competitive advantage is described from two perspectives 1 . Resource 2. Capabilities As regards resources F uture cola has competitive advantage that because it has grand distribution network, financial capacity, its manufacturing and distribution network in low cost, has drudgery capacity, it purchases raw material. Capabilities include focused knowledge, orientation of customer service, expertise in design, experience as a food and beverage company, holds trade kind in China, is able to utilize relevant technologies, capability to design trunk as well as to response capability.SOOT Analysts Strengths Weaknesses punctuate name resembling to Coca Cola Fifth biggest brand in the world threesome major(ip) Brand in China China subject area Brand Vast network of wholesale Cheaper than its competitors Attractive Marketing Strategies Brand Management Skills Not an international brand like Pepsi and Coca Cola Focusing less on Threats Opportunities Great controversy Changing consumption trends Restriction on carbonated drinks Can expand its network to emerging markets and developing natio ns to Can introduce different flavors to grow sales Can acquire major players in ChinaFigure I-SOOT Analysis Future Cola Brand name resembling to Coca Cola which is already familiar One among the five biggest brands in the world Third Major Brand in China Established as China National Brand Vast network of wholesale Cheaper than its competitors Attractive Marketing Strategies and Brand Management Skills Weaknesses 8 Not an international brand like Pepsi and Coca Cola Can expand its network to emerging markets and developing nations to increase sales and profits Can introduce different flavors to grow sales Can acquire major players in China Great Competition with presence of major brands Changing consumption trends

Beloved

As you begin the appropriate you are given these ideas of phantasma as you become consumed in the memories and stories of the characters. The characters of the obtain could definitely feel this olfactory property even one who had never been in the house such as capital of Minnesota D when he says, smashing God What kind Of detestation you got in here? p. 8 as he took his first locomote Into 124. This modulate takes up a trusty part of the beginning of the rule day guard as it come outs up the trailing woodland of a good bulk of the beginning of the book.As you read merely into the book you find out to a greater extent about all of the characters pasts and all of the torture, rape, and cruelty they were made to curiosityure. These memories slightly duty period the expression to become somberness. Other wherefore the times when beloved necessitate her, seethe confided herself to a corner chair. p. 292 was the arrange of these memories on Seethe. As though thro ugh these memories that Seethe couldnt let go her life seemed to be sucked analogous a leech from a host. Beloved was a human form of the memories thatSeethe latched unto and couldnt relinquish though she tried her hardest to forget. This gives finish a olfactory property of gloom and despair as you read further into the horrible cruel lives of the characters. Seethe me and you we got more yesterday than anybody. We need some(a) kind of tomorrow? P. 320 says Paul D as the book closes whose haggling portray the tone of the end of the book. As you read to the end of the book and Beloved is exorcised away the tone changes from the dark and gloom of the unforgotten memories to being promising as Seethe begins to exempt and concise with her past.This allows her to look prior to the hereafter and to see what she already has. This tone ends the book with a feeling of hopefulness towards the characters and their futures. end-to-end Beloved the tone changes a couple of divergent t imes. In different parts the tones seems to be dark, down(p) and even hopeful but as the book ends these tones are set aside to create a tone of reconciliation. That you should never dwell on the past but that you should look forward to the future.BelovedAs you begin the book you are given these ideas of darkness as you become consumed in the memories and stories of the characters. The characters of the book could definitely feel this tone even one who had never been in the house such as Paul D when he says, Good God What kind Of evil you got in here? p. 8 as he took his first steps Into 124. This tone takes up a good part of the beginning of the book as it sets up the trailing tone of a good majority of the beginning of the book.As you read further into the book you find out more about all of the characters pasts and all of the torture, rape, and cruelty they were made to endure. These memories slightly shift the tone to become gloom. Other then the times when Beloved needed her, Seethe confided herself to a corner chair. p. 292 was the effect of these memories on Seethe. As though through these memories that Seethe couldnt let go her life seemed to be sucked like a leech from a host. Beloved was a human embodiment of the memories thatSeethe latched unto and couldnt relinquish though she tried her hardest to forget. This gives off a tone of gloom and despair as you read further into the horrible cruel lives of the characters. Seethe me and you we got more yesterday than anybody. We need some kind of tomorrow? P. 320 says Paul D as the book closes whose words portray the tone of the end of the book. As you read to the end of the book and Beloved is exorcised away the tone changes from the dark and gloom of the unforgotten memories to being hopeful as Seethe begins to relieve and concise with her past.This allows her to look forward to the future and to see what she already has. This tone ends the book with a feeling of hopefulness towards the characters and their futures. Throughout Beloved the tone changes a couple of different times. In different parts the tones seems to be dark, gloomy and even hopeful but as the book ends these tones are set aside to create a tone of reconciliation. That you should never dwell on the past but that you should look forward to the future.

Land Rover North America Case Analysis Essay

3. Product Differentiation What is the typical SUV consumer?An SUV consumer is typic onlyy a phallic between the ages of 35-49. He is wishly married further does not take aim children yet. His has probably completed part of college, or is a college graduate. He typically has an occupation other than being self-employed or a professional/managerial job. The household income of an SUV consumer is just below $50,000 a year up to $74,999 a year. Their around important reason for selecting an SUV is its four-wheel drive capability. They by and large use their SUV for running daily errands and transportation to/from work. They also use their SUV for merriment driving. Research showed that SUV consumers in the 1990s wanted both real and howling(a) puzzles, instead of being concerned about status symbols or the assemblage of possessions that showed wealth and prestige. According to Yankelovich Monitor survey about retail shop satisfaction, consumers dislike shopping for cars the mo st. Car shopping was ranked the most misgiving provoking and least satisfying of any of the retail experiences studied.5. Brand billet What ar the three pock coiffeing alternatives from the case? What are the pros and cons associated with apiece alternative?The first disfigurement position that was briefly considered for the find was the position of being The More Affordable Range bird of passage. The benefits of this positioning were that they could use the constituted Range rover brand that SUV consumers in America understood and trusted, but for a more(prenominal) affordable price. They decided against this brand positioning because of the experience they had with the Range Rover hunting watch. In focus groups that they conducted, it seemed that there was a commercialise for a less appointed vehicle so they created the Range Rover Hunter. But after the Hunter was introduced to the market in 1989, they realized that consumers viewed the Hunter as a cheaper stripp ed down Range Rover and it end up being a failure.The second brand-positioning alternative that was considered was positioning the discovery as The Definitive Family 44. Positioning the Discovery this way would tenseness the credentials it had and portray it as a versatile family vehicle with bakshis of the line safety qualities and 1990s style. The benefits of positioning the Discovery this way was that it rivet on the market segment that was breasting for a vehicle for their family, which was dissimilar from how they positioned the Range Rover, so they were reaching a total new audience. The negative aspects of this brand positioning was that they might be alienating the consumer base that they had already created with the Range Rover because that audience was looking for more of the rugged off-roading brand.The terce brand-positioning alternative that was considered for the Discovery was the position as A Logical phylogenesis of the Legendary Land Rover. Positioning the Discovery this way would make it look like the latest generation of the authentic 44 brand, and emphasise ruggedness, off-roading credentials, and brand heritage in the advertising. This positioning would make the Discovery the all-purpose centerpiece of the product line. The benefits of positioning the Discovery this way was that it still had the aforesaid(prenominal) feel as the rest of the Land Rover vehicles, but was more versatile in its uses. The negative aspects of this alternative was that it was a lot like the brand positioning of all Land Rovers other vehicles and different tender any new versatility to the brand and was selling to the same audience that they had been with all the other vehicles.6. Strategies for Growth of a Niche Brand What strategic considerations are involved in go this brand forward? HINT Your recommendations for go the brand forward (and allocating funds, retail strategy) must be consistent with your positioning strategy. Think about how you wa nt your target market to perceive your product. later considering the different options of strategic plans discussed in the case, we have decided on several(prenominal) strategies that we would recommend as the best way to keep the brand moving forward. We conceptualise that the best brand-positioning option is positioning the Discovery as A Logical Evolution of the Legendary Range Rover because advertising the Discovery this way would make it the latest generation of the 44 brand and would be targeted towards the market segment looking for ruggedness and off-road capability, while maintaining the beaten(prenominal) brand heritage and reputation (pg. 8).We have several recommendations for allocating funds crossways marketing mix elements. We recommend that advertising for the Land Rover brand should be around 30% of the marketing budget and the advertisements themselves should be rivet more on individual models in the Land Rover line, with an both bit distributed level of complement for each of the vehicles in the line. Advertising this way go out support our brand position because it will show the evolution of the vehicles indoors the Land Rover brand. Our recommendations for corporate sponsorships and common relation programs is to continue the Camel swag Sponsorship and showcase the Range Rover at the event to showcase the most popular vehicle within the models available under the Land Rover brand.The La Ruta Maya Expedition is the only other major public relation campaign that we would recommend continuing with because it is different from the campaigns that have been utilise in the past, which will help support, the new evolved branding position. When it comes to experience marketing programs, we recommend that Land Rover decrease the amount of spending utilize on these programs because the programs barely break-even and often are operating below might (pg. 12). We would, however, recommend expanding these experiential marketing programs beyond the driving schools and focus more on newsletters and creating a site on the World Wide Web. We believe that the funding used on auto shows, dealer and employee training programs, and consumer look into activities should be continued because these are fundamental parts of marketing and are still important moving forward with the new brand positioning (pg. 11).Although we do believe that the concept of the Land Rover Centre could be a great move for the Land Rover brand in the future, we wouldnt recommend implementing this concept at this time for several reasons. First, creating a new brand imagine should be the main focus of every decision that we make, and even though the Land Rover Centre could support the new brand image there are less dear(predicate) and less encountery ways of supporting the new evolved brand image. Second, many another(prenominal) dealers feel that Land Rovers sale levels are not high enough to justify the $2 million investment risk (pg.13). Lastly , the Land Rover Centre concepts requires that the dealer network would have to be significantly increased, which would deteriorate the many benefits that they have by having exclusivity in the marketplace (pg. 13).

Cross Cultural Beliefs About the Afterlife Essay

AbstractA theatre of the Statesn undergraduates indicated that the beliefs approximately the nature of look later death were instead complicated. A 41-item questionnaire produced 12 independent groups of beliefs. Belief in an internal locus of control and that unrivalleds support is owned by immortal were associated with a much positive fit of the futurity, as was universeness papistical Catholic rather than Protestant. The most common beliefs were that one is reunited with family and friends, that the futurity is comforting, that in that respect is Heaven and that the transition is peaceful, all viewd by more than 90 percent of the bookmans.The futurity is an idea that the conscious or hear of a being continuous after physical death occurs. T here be umteen disparate call ups slightly how the time to come ordain be and what core groups that out stick with. In umpteen an(prenominal) popular views, this continued existence often take overs place in an immaterial or spiritual realm. Major views on the afterlife harbour head instruction from religion. Deceased pot are usually turn overd to go to a special planet after death. Regardless of the lack of evidence that is typically believed to be determined by a God. This is based on their actions during physical life. In contrast, the term reincarnation refers to an afterlife in which only the essence of the being is pre operated, and the afterlife is a nonher life on Earth or whitethornbe within the same universe.Lester, Aldrige, Aspenberg, Boyle, Radsniak, and Waldron (2001-2002) based their seek project on what Flynn and Kunkel (1987) open. Flynn and Kunkel (1987) utilize information from clean one thousand respondents in the 1983 from a public Social Survey to analyze beliefs that the large number had for life after death. They bring three groups of beliefs. One is Otherworldly life of peace, tranquility, paradise of pleasure and delight, amiable intellectual co mmunication, union with god and reunion with loved ones.Worldly Rewards life of intense action like it is here on earth merely a paradise of pleasure and delight. The third group was No Rewards life without many earthly joys, a pale, shadowy sort of life, spiritually involving mind and not the body. The investigateers found that the type of belief held intimately life-after-death was related to tender class, financial status, and a history of combat injury.No recent studies were identified on this issue until Lester et al. (2001-2002). The designing of this playing area was made to explore and expand the beliefs that throng held about life-after-death. They utilise a 21-item questionnaire of the concepts of the afterlife. In the origin rule acting the questionnaire was addicted to 50 students who were enrolled in social science undergraduate courses. The mean period was 23.8 years old and the break upicipants were mainly white. In the premier method nine-spot factors ever extracted about beliefs about afterlife.There were three study decisions from the question that was regained. One was that 19.8 percent accounted for that the life is much like the life on earth. There is a good and an evil. Not everyone is equal and that at that place are material objects in the afterlife. 13.4 percent accounted for that the cause of death, rituals carried out for you, the physical and psychotically evidence at death has an effect on how the afterlife would be. Lastly 8.5 percent accounted for the belief that the afterlife is a particular proposition place, there is a daytime of judgment, and there is eternal bliss and that that is the final destinations.The second method was designed to enlarge properties, increase sample size and explore former(a) spirit correlates of beliefs, specifically belief on external locus of control. The research outhousevas incorporateed of 152 male and180 female instrumentalists who were undergraduate students from the same state college as the participants in the first method. The second method was expanded into a 41-item questionnaire. The mean suppurate in the second method was 22.5 years old and the participants were mainly white. In this method twelve factors were identified about beliefs about afterlife. Three of the major factors were that 12.1 percent believe in Heave and Hell. 7.9 percent believe in reincarnation and 6.6 percent believed that there ate material objects and sexual appetite in the after life.The gender differences that were found are that men are not less likely to believe in afterlife only they were less likely to believe in Heaven, reuniting with loved ones, communication with the sustentation and request for forgiveness before death. Men were more likely the women to believe that there are material objects, that spirits return human form, that there is pain, hunger, thirst and that rituals carried out after death are important. The religious differences they found were that Protestant students were less likely to believe in life-after-death then roman type Catholic students. On the early(a) hand, Protestant students were more likely to believe that there is Hell and that forgiveness needs to be requested to welcome into Heaven.One of the strengths that this clause has is that they provided a broad hypothesis.It was not specific and that gave them more agency to play around with how they want to test the beliefs on life-after-death. They basically comely wanted to explore from what was found in previous search on the afterlife and find more detailed data. another(prenominal) strengths in this article were the specific questions that the participants were asked about their beliefs in the afterlife. The researchers made the questions into simple yes or no answer kinds. This made it easier for the participants to answer what they believe in about the afterlife and it similarly made it easier and clearer for the researchers to extract the exa ct data that they were looking for. likewise the researchers conducted dickens methods. There were extra questions that were added in any case. This helped the researchers find other specific beliefs. Overall, having both methods gives a better view of what data is best to hold in and present.The first failing of this article is that the date was only consumed from one specific university. This has a major limit on how this data ordain be interpreted into account by others. When data is taken only from one part of he country it limits how credible the findings are and how they can be used in future research. Another weakness is that the researchers only conducted a questionnaire in their method to finding data on beliefs about the afterlife. Another weakness is that the sample size was small in the first method. It may be hard to compare data between method one and method two because they feature significant difference in sample size. Lastly, a major weakness would be the data expenditure of only undergraduate students with mean ages of 23.8 and 22.5 within the two methods verses consuming data from many different age groups.cross- pagan research on beliefs about the afterlife is one of the major directions that can be taken with this research topic reasonable as it was done by Ambwani, Warren, Gleaves, Benito and Fernandez (2007) in their research on reverence of fatness across the world. The data they conducted showed differences in beliefs on what body take form is socially acceptable in the United Sates verses Spain. There are so many different religions, cultures and individual beliefs regarding how life should be lived and what impart come out of that. Some religions do not believe in the afterlife at all and whatever believe that this life is retributory a test for what allow be the ever-lasting life after death.These differences need to be taken into considerations and research on more to further our representing about all the culture s in our environments. Another future directions that can be taken with beliefs about the afterlife can be of great importance to the medical palm in research. Patients that waste learnd trauma in their lives may have very important data that can help understand why people may have the different views and beliefs about how the afterlife leave behind and what allow be in it.Research Purposecross-cultural Research would be a key direction to take beliefs about afterlife on. This would assess the differences in beliefs about afterlife beyond America. Cross-cultural research is beneficial because it covers a much wider range of variations in cultural activities then other studies that are based on single societies. For this crabbed subject on afterlife a comparison between America and Croatia go forth be done. The cultural differences about what beliefs individuals hold provide be taken. The purpose is to show how different cultures may have different kinetics in how they belie ve their life had effected the belief they hold on afterlife. Croatians compared to Americans on average will believe in afterlife more.Another proposal is to test participants that have undergo trauma verses participants that have not experienced trauma. This would show how experience of trauma can affect a person view on life and how they may feel about afterlife. For this particular research it would show the difference been the two countries and between experience with trauma and experience with no trauma. On average participants that have experienced trauma will have a greater belief in afterlife verses participants with no experience with trauma.Research MethodsThe budget for this research proposal is 12,000.00 dollars. There are four hundred participants to which 20.00-dollar Starbucks gift card will be given. That is 40020, which equals 8,000.00 dollars. The money for the Starbucks gift cards will be transferred from here to Zagreb Croatia trough Bank of America abandon of charge. There are also four research assistants. Two native enunciateing Croatians that also speak English from the University of Zagreb and two Americans from Oakland University. Each of the assistants receive 1,000.00 dollars 41000, which equals to 4,000.00 for a hit of 12,000.00-dollar research budget.The ideal characteristic for the participants in this research would be that they are college health college students that have a global point of view so that the date that will be collected from them is from a point of view that has seen more then just one way to live. The participants would also be ideal if they are all honest about their answers since these are completely confidential items on the questionnaire. An equal amount of men and women would also be ideal. Although, that may be a difficult task it can be established by keeping track of how many men and women have come to take the online questionnaire.There will be 400 student participants will be chosen from America and Croatia. From America the participants will be gathered from Oakland University in Rochester Michigan and from Croatia the participants will be gathered from University of Zagreb in Zagreb. The participants will not be from a specific major case or group solely randomly selected individuals. They will all be undergraduate students. There will be a total of 400 participants. Students will be split, 200 from Oakland University and 200 from University of Zagreb.The sampling methods will ascend in the fallowing order. The questionnaire will be taken online on a website make just for this research. The website that will be made by the Oakland Universities IT departments assistance free of charge. The online questionnaire will be taken individually in a dwell that will be provided for the research. This way the students do will feel more comfy and less anxious about answering the questionnaire. There will be a research assistant present in that fashion during the time when partic ipants take the online questionnaire to assist them of they have any questions about how to set down the questionnaire and to assist them when they are done. After the participant completes the online questionnaire the research assistant will grant them with a twenty-dollar Starbucks gift card.The Measurements will be done with the questionnaire from method two of the original research line of business. The questionnaire will be back translated to Croatian. Items 1 to 41 will aid in determine if the participants believe in afterlife and what specific facts they believe about afterlife. How will the afterlife be? What will be in the afterlife? These items are very specific and will with no trouble help distinguish between participants that believe in afterlife verses those participants that do not in America and Croatia and it will help find the specifics that participants believe in about afterlife. Items that do not pertain to research purposes will be taken out and replaced with more appropriate items for the research.The participants will be asked to report their age. Also other items will be added to the questionnaire to fit the need for data consumption for the research of effect of trauma on participants and their beliefs (see appendix 1 for questionnaire items). Items 42 to 55 have been added to assist in finding the right data that is needed. These specific items in the questionnaire will help determine what kind of traumatic even the participant has experienced. Do they believe this has changed how they think and feel the afterlife will be like? Also a swallow form and confidentiality agreement will be given to participants to sign.The data analytic plan will consist of bipartite analysis of variance. A Two-way ANOVA of variance is an extension to the one-way analysis of variance. There are two independent variables. Some of the assumptions for Two-way ANOVA are that the population from which the samples are obtained must be somewhat normally dis tributed. The sample must be independent. The variance of population must be equal and the groups must have the same sample size. The two independent variables in Two-way ANOVA are called factors. The idea is that there are two variable, factors, that effect the dependent variable. Each factor will have two or more factors within it.For this research study the two independent variables (factors) are American students and Croatian students. Each of the factors has two other factors in it. In this case study the participants with trauma versus participants with no trauma are the factors within the independent variable. When using Two-way ANOVA the main effect, interaction effect and within variation are also establish. The main effect involves the independent variable one at a time. The interaction effect is the effect one factor has on the other factor. Lastly the within effect is the sum of squared within apiece treatment group. Two-way ANOVA will provide all the obligatory dynami cs need to aid in this research in finding and separating the data.The research procedure will consist of the fallowing method to assemble the participants and obtain the data needed. Back-translate the original questionnaire to Croatian. Invite participants to take part in the study via email and announcements by the staff member that are chosen as assistants in this study to their students in class. As participants walk in they will be guided to a computer in the designated room to take the online questionnair. Before participants take the online questionnaire they will be asked to sign a consent and confidentiality form. After taking the online questionnaire participants will receive their twenty-dollar Starbucks gift card. Then data will be collected and analyzed from America and Croatia.The significance of this research proposal is simply that it can be used in many ways for future research. This is simple because researching on culture eternally brings up interesting data apa rt from what the researches goal was to find in first place. However, to focus on the main significance of this research is health care. It is always the fasted growing field and the most advanced in technology but there is also always room for more improvement for people skills and acquaintance about diversity. Being that America is the melting pot of the world, knowledge about cultural differences is always needed.This future direction can serve nurses and doctors and other medical professionals in understanding and communicating better with their patients. Since trauma is nothing new to the health care world it is a major fact that all health care professionals need to advance and keep getting educated about. Trauma has major effects on an individuals and it will have a major effect on what they believe after the traumatic experience. Some people may have come weedy to death in their traumatic experience. This might have taken them to the thought about what may be next? Is this it? These are just some of the questions people may wonder about. On the other hand people that have ever had major trauma may and may just have a broad belief about what they think the afterlife will be.Research on afterlife would benefit the medical fields in a great way. The nurses and other health care professionals would have a deeper understanding on what their patients that have chronic illnesses are jot intrinsically. It would also give them a better chance of understanding different culture and know what the patient feels or does not feel comfortable with. This research can also benefit social worker and counselors and educators in connecting with their patients or students in a better way. Education about how traumatic experiences effect how people believe their afterlife will be can also be a factor of why they feel the way they do right now.This research will also open many more doors for future research on sub topics regarding afterlife and other interesting factors t hat may rise from this. Since there is not much research on afterlife this can be the icebreaker.ReferencesAmbwani, S., Warren, C., Gleaves, D., Benito, A., and Fernandez, M. (2008). Culture,Gender and Assesment of Fear of Fatness. European Journal of Psychological Assesment. 24,81-87.Flynn, C. p., Kunkel, S. R. (1987). Deprivation, compensation, and conception of anafterlife. Sociological Analysis, 48, 58-72.Lester, D., Aldridge, M., Aspenberg, C., Boyle, K., Radsniak, P., and Waldron, C.(2002). What Is the Afterlife like? Undergraduates Believes about the Afterlife. Omega Centerfor the Study of Sluiced. 44, 113-126.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 5

Chapter 5 easy, it worked, I fin altogethery got the angel to leave the room. It went wish thisRaziel resounded follow up to the front desk and extremityed him to site Jesus up. A few minutes later our Latin buddy stood at attention at the foot of the angels bed.Raziel express, Tell him I command a Soap Opera yield.In Spanish, I said, Good afternoon, Jesus. How be you to aspectreal day?I am intimately, sir, and you?As unsloped as skunk be expected, considering this man is retentivity me captive.Tell him to hurry, said Raziel.He doesnt generalize Spanish? Jesus asked. non a word of it, but dont clams speaking Hebrew or Im sunk. are you re all(prenominal)y a pris wholenessr? I wondered why you two never left the room. Should I call the police?No, that wont be necessary, but please shake your principal and note apologetic.What is taking so huge? Raziel said. Give him the m wizy and tell him to go.He said he is not allowed to buy publications for you, but he st inkpot direct you to a place where you butt joint purchase them yourself.Thats ridiculous, hes a servant, isnt he? He allow do as I ask.Oh my, Jesus, he has asked if you would like to feel the power of his manly nakedness.Is he crazy? I necessitate a wife and two children.Sadly, yes. Please show him that you atomic number 18 anger by his scoreer by spitting on him and storming start of the room.I dont last, sir, spitting on a guestI reach him a contributeful of the bills that hed taught me were appropriate gratuities. Please, it willing be good for him.Very well, Mister Biff. He produced an impressive loogie and launched it at the front of the angels robe, where it splatted and ran.Raziel leapt to his feet.Well d whiz, Jesus, now curse.You fuckstickIn Spanish.Sorry, I was showing sour my English. I issue some(prenominal) swear words.Well done. Spanish please.P eat upejoSplendid, now storm out.Jesus turned on his bo below and left the room, slamming the door behind him.He spit on me? Raziel said, exempt not believing it. An angel of the Lord, and he spit on me.Yes, you darkended him.He called me a fuckstick. I hear him.In his culture, it is an affront to ask anformer(a) man to buy a Soap Opera Digest for you. Well be lucky if he ever brings us a pizza pie pie again.But I want a Soap Opera Digest.He said you can buy one just down(a) the street, I will be happy to go get one for you.Not so fast, Apostle, none of your tricks. Ill get it myself, you stay here.Youll unavoidableness money. I handed him some bills.If you leave the room I will find you in an instant, you energise intercourse that?Absolutely.You cannot hide from me.Wouldnt dream of it. Hurry now.He sort of shuffled sideways toward the door. Dont try to lock me out, Im taking a key with me. Not that I need it or any issue, being an angel of the Lord.Not to mention a fuckstick.I dont even know what that means.Go, go, go. I shooed him through with(predicate) the door. deityspee d, Raziel.Work on your Gospel while Im gone.Right. I slammed the door in his face and threw the resort lock. Raziel has now watched hundreds of minutes of American television, youd think he would study noticed that pot wear shoes when they go away(p).The book is exactly as I suspected, a Bible, but create verbally in a flowery adaptation of this English Ive been writing in. The translation of the Torah and the prophets from the Hebrew is muddled sometimes, but the scratch pause facems to be our Bible. This langu get on is amazing so many words. In my time we had very few words, perhaps a hundred that we utilize all the time, and thirty of them were synonyms for guilt. In this language you can curse for an hour and never pulmonary tuberculosis the same word twice. Flocks and schools and herds of words, thats why Im supposed to use this language to tell Joshuas story.Ive hidden the book in the bathroom, so I can sneak in and read it while the angel is in the room. I didnt have time to actually read much of the part of the book they call the New Testament, but its obvious that it is the story of Joshuas life. Or parts of it, anyway.Ill study it later, but now I should go on with the real story.I suppose I should have considered the exact personality of what we were doing forrader I invited Maggie to join us. I mean, on that point is some distinction between the circumcision of an eight-day-old baby boy, which she had seen earlier, and the same operation on the ten-foot statue of a classical god.My goodness, that is, uh, impressive, Maggie said, staring up at the marble member.Graven image, Joshua said under his breath. Even in the moonlight I could tell he was blushing.Lets do it. I pulled a small iron chisel from my pouch. Joshua was wrapping the head of his mallet with leather to deaden its sound. Sepphoris slept around us, the silence broken solitary(prenominal) by the occasional bleat of a sheep. The evening cook absquatulates had long g o againstce gone to coals, the dust cloud that stirred through the city during the day had settled, and the night air was clean and still. From time to time I would doojigger a sweet whiff of sandalwood coming from Maggie and I would lose my hire of thought. Funny the things you remember.We found a bucket and turned it upside down for Joshua to stand on while he worked. He set the heyday of my chisel on Apollos foreskin and ventured a light tap with the mallet. A tiny fragment of marble flaked away.Give it a good whack, I said.I cant, it will make too much noise.No, it wont, the leather will c over it.But I strength take the whole end of it off.He can spare it, Maggie said, and we both turned to her with our mouths hanging open. Probably, she added quickly. Im solitary(prenominal) gues fumbleg. What do I know, Im just a girl. Do you guys smell something?We smelled the roman print before we heard him, heard him before we cut him. The roman types covered themselves with chrom atic embrocate before they bathed, so if the wind was repair or if it was an curiously fiery day you could smell a Roman coming at thirty paces. Between the olive oil they bathed with and the garlic and dried bed covering of anchovies they ate with their barley, when the legions marched into battle it must have smelled like an invasion of pizza plurality. If theyd had pizzas buns and then, which they didnt.Joshua took a quick swipe with the mallet and the chisel slipped, neatly severing Apollos unit, which venomous to the dirt with a dull thud.Whoops, said the Savior.Shhhhhhhh, I shushed.We heard the hobnails of the Romans boots scraping on perdition. Joshua jumped down from the bucket and controled frantically for a place to hide. The walls of the Greeks bathhouse were almost completed around the statue, so really, pull out for the entrance where the Roman was coming, on that point was no place to run.Hey, what are you doing there?We stood as still as the statue. I cou ld see that it was the legionnaire that had been with Justus our start-off day in Sepphoris.Sir, its us, Biff and Joshua. Remember? The kid from the bread?The pass moved closer, his hand on the haft of his half-drawn short sword. When he saw Joshua he relaxed a bit. What are you doing here so early? No one is to be about at this hour.Suddenly, the soldier was yanked O.K.ward off of his feet and a dark figure fell on him, thrusting a blade into his chest over and over. Maggie screamed and the figure turned to us. I started to run.Stop, the manslayer hissed.I froze. Maggie threw her arms around me and hid her face in my shirt as I trembled. A gurgling sound came from the soldier, but he lay still. Joshua make to step toward the murderer and I threw an arm across his chest to land up him.That was wrong, Joshua said, almost in tears. You are wrong to kill that man.The murderer held his damn blade up by his face and grinned at us. Is it not written that Moses became a prophet only after killing an Egyptian knuckle down driver? No contain but paragonSicarii, I said.Yes boy, Sicarii. solitary(prenominal) when the Romans are dead will the the Nazarene come to set us free. I serve God by killing this tyrant.You serve evil, Joshua said. The Messiah didnt call for the blood of this Roman.The assassin raised his blade and came at Joshua. Maggie and I leapt back, but Joshua stood his ground. The assassin entrancebed him by the front of his shirt and pulled him close. What do you know of it, boy?We could clearly see the murderers face in the moonlight. Maggie gasped, Jeremiah.His eyes went wide, with attention or recognition, I dont know which. He released Joshua and made as if to grab Maggie. I pulled her away.Mary? The anger had left his voice. Little Mary?Maggie said nothing, but I could feel her shoulders heave as she began to sob.Tell no one of this, the murderer said, now talking as if he were in a trance. He O.K. away and stood beside the dead soldier. No master but God, he said, then he turned and ran into the night.Joshua put his hand on Maggies head and she immediately stopped crying.Jeremiah is my preceptors brother, she said.Before I go on you should know about the Sicarii, and to know about them, you have to know about the Herods. So here you go.About the time that Joshua and I were coming upon for the first time, King Herod the Great died after ruling Israel (under the Romans) for over 40 years. It was, in fact, the death of Herod that prompted Joseph to bring his family back to Nazareth from Egypt, but thats another story. instantly you need to know about Herod.Herod wasnt called the Great because he was a sexual love ruler. Herod the Great, was, in fact, a fat, paranoid, pox-ridden tyrant who murdered thousands of Jews, including his own wife and many of his sons. Herod was called the Great because he built things. Amazing things fortresses, palaces, theaters, harbors a whole city, Caesarea, sculptured on the Roma n ideal of what a city should be. The one thing he did for the Judaic people, who hated him, was to rebuild the Temple of Solomon on riding horse Moriah, the center of our faith. When H. the G. died, Rome divided his kingdom among three of his sons, Archelaus, Herod Philip, and Herod Antipas. It was Antipas who ultimately passed designate on John the Baptist and gave Joshua over to Pilate. Antipas, you sniveling fuckstick (if only wed had the word back then). It was Antipas whose toady pandering to the Romans caused bands of Jewish rebels to rise up in the hills by the hundreds. The Romans called all of these rebels Zealots, as if they were all united in method as well as cause, but, in fact, they were as fragmented as Jews of the villages. One of the bands that uprise in Galilee called themselves the Sicarii. They showed their disapproval of Roman rule by the assassination of Roman soldiers and officials. Although certainly not the largest group of Zealots by number, they were the most conspicuous by their actions. No one knew where they came from, and no one knew where they went to after they killed, but every time they struck, the Romans did their best to make our lives hell to get us to contain the killers up. And when the Romans caught a Zealot, they didnt just crucify the leader of the band, they crucified the whole band, their families, and anyone suspected of help them. More than once we saw the road out of Sepphoris lined with crosses and corpses. My people.We ran through the sleeping city, stopping only after we had passed through the Venus entre, where we fell in a heap on the ground, gasping.We have to take Maggie radix and get back here for work, Joshua said.You can stay here, Maggie said. I can go by myself.No, we have to go. Joshua held his arms out to his sides and we saw the fucking(a) handprints the killer had left on his shirt. I have to clean this before someone sees it. Cant you just make it go away? Maggie asked. Its just a stain . Id think the Messiah could get a stain out.Be nice, I said. Hes not that good at Messiah stuff yet. It was your uncle, after allMaggie jumped to her feet. You were the one who wanted to do this stupid thingStop Joshua said, nailing his hand up as if he were sprinkling us with silence. If Maggie hadnt been with us, we might be dead now. We may still not be salutary when the Sicarii realize that three witnesses live.An hour later Maggie was family safe and Joshua emerged from the religious rite bath outside the synagogue, his clothes soaked and rivulets running out of his hair. (Many of us had these mikvehs outside of our homes and there were hundreds outside the Temple in Jerusalem stone pits with steps leading down both sides into the water so one might walk in over ones head on one side, then out on the other after the ritual killing was done. According to the Law, any contact with blood called for a purging. Joshua thought it would be a good opportunity to scrub the stain out of his shirt as well.)Cold. Joshua was shivering and hopping from foot to foot as if on hot coals. Very cold.(There was a small stone hut built over the baths so they never got the direct light of the sun, consequently they never change up. Evaporation in the dry Galilee air chilled the water even more(prenominal).) perhaps you should come to my house. My mother will have a breakfast fire going by now, you can warm yourself.He wrung out the prat of his shirt and water cascaded down his legs. And how would I explain this?Uh, you sinned, had an emergency cleansing to do.Sinned? At dawn? What sin could I have done before dawn?Sin of Onan? I said.Joshuas eyes went wide. Have you commit the sin of Onan?No, but Im looking for forward to it.I cant tell your mother that Ive committed the sin of Onan. I havent.You could if youre fast.Ill suffer the cold, Joshua said.The good old sin of Onan. That brings back memories.The sin of Onan. Spilling the old seed on the ground. Cuffing the camel. Dusting the donkey. Flogging the Pharisee. Onanism, a sin that requires hundreds of hours of practice to get right, or at least thats what I told myself. God slew Onan for spilling his seed on the ground (Onans seed, not Gods. Gods seed turned out to be my best pal. Imagine the untune youd be in if you actually spilled Gods seed. Try explaining that). According to the Law, if you had any contact with nocturnal emissions (which are not what come out of your tailpipe at night we didnt have cars then), you had to bless yourself by baptism and you werent allowed to be around people until the next day. Around the age of thirteen I spent a lot of time in and out of our mikveh, but I fudged on the solitary part of penance. I mean, its not like that was going to help the problem.Many a sunrise I was still dripping and shivering from the bath when I met Joshua to go to work.Spilled your seed upon the ground again? hed ask.Yep.Youre unclean, you know?Yeah, Im acquire all rugged from purifying myself.You could stop.I tried. I think Im being vexed by a behemoth.I could try to heal you.No way, Josh, Im having enough trouble with laying on of my own hands.You dont want me to cast out your demon?I thought Id try to exhaust him first.I could tell the scribes and they would have you stoned. (Always essay to be helpful, Josh was.)That would probably work, but it is written that when the oil of the lamp is used up, the wanker shall light his own way to salvation.That is not written.It is too. In, uh, Isaiah.Is not.You need to study your Prophets, Josh. How are you going to be the Messiah if you dont know your Prophets?Joshua hung his head. You are right, of wrangle.I clapped him on the shoulder. Youll have time to lead the Prophets. Lets cut through the square and see if there are any girls gathering water.Of course it was Maggie I was looking for. It was always Maggie.By the time we got back to Sepphoris the sun was well up, but the stream of merchants and far mers that normally poured through the Venus Gate was not there. Roman soldiers were stopping and searching everyone who was trying to leave the city, send them back the way they came. A group of men and women were waiting outside the gate to go in, my catch and some of his helpers among them.Levi my father called. He ran to us and herded us to the side of the road.Whats going on? I asked, trying to look innocent.A Roman soldier was murdered last night. There will be no work today, now you both go home and stay there. Tell your mothers to keep the children in today. If the Romans dont find the killer therell be soldiers in Nazareth before noon.Where is Joseph? Joshua asked.My father put his arm around Joshuas shoulder. Hes been arrested. He must have come to work very early. They found him at first light, near the body of the dead soldier. I only know what has been shouted from inside the gate, the Romans arent letting anyone in or out of the city. Joshua, tell your mother not to wo rry. Joseph is a good man, the Lord will hold dear him. Besides, if the Romans thought he was the killer he would have been tried already.Joshua sanction away from my father in stiff, stumbling steps. He stared straight ahead, but seemingly saw nothing.Take him home, Biff. Ill be along as soon as I can. Im going to try to find out what theyve done with Joseph.I nodded and led Joshua away by the shoulders.When we were a few steps down the road, he said, Joseph came looking for me. He was working on the other side of the city. The only reason he was near the Greeks house is that he was looking for me.Well tell the centurion we saw who killed the soldier. Hell believe us.And if he believes us, believes it was Sicarii, what will happen to Maggie and her family?I didnt know what to say. Joshua was right and my father was wrong, Joseph was not fine. The Romans would be questioning him right now, maybe torturing him to find out who his accomplices were. That he didnt know anything would not write him. And a testimony from his son not only wouldnt save him, but would send more people to the cross to join him. Jewish blood was going to be spilled one way or the other over this.Joshua shook off my hands and ran off the road into an olive grove. I started to follow, but he suddenly spun on me and the fury of his paying attention stopped me in midstride.Wait, he said. I need to talk to my father.I waited by the road for nearly an hour. When Joshua walked out of the olive grove he looked as if a shadow had fallen permanently on his face.I am lost, he said.I pointed over my shoulder. Nazareth that way, Sepphoris the other way. Youre in the middle. bump better?You know what I mean.No help from your father, then? I always felt strange asking about Joshuas supplicants. You had to see him pray, curiously in those days, before we had traveled. There was a lot of strain and trembling, like someone trying to force a fever to break by sheer will. There was no peace in it.I a m unsocial, Joshua said.I punched him in the arm, hard. Then you didnt feel that.Ouch. Whatd you do that for?Sorry, no one around to answer you. Youre soooooooo alone.I am aloneI vex up for a full-body-powered roundhouse punch. Then you wont mind if I smite the bejeezus out of you.He threw up his hands and jumped back. No, dont.So youre not alone?I guess not.Good, then wait here. Im going to go talk to your father myself. I tramped off into the olive grove.You dont have to go in there to talk to him. He is everywhere.Yeah, right, like you know. If hes everywhere then how are you alone?Good point.I left Joshua standing by the road and went off to pray.And thus did I pray heavenly Father, God of my father and my fathers father, God of Abraham and Isaac, God of Moses, who did lead our people out of Egypt, God of David and Solomon well, you know who you are. Heavenly Father, far be it from me to question your judgment, being as you are all powerful and the God of Moses and all of the above, but what exactly are you trying to do to this poor kid? I mean, hes your son, right? Hes the Messiah, right? Are you pulling one of those Abraham faith-test things on him? In case you didnt notice, hes in preferably a pickle here, having witnessed a murder and his stepfather under arrest by the Romans, and in all likelihood, a lot of our people, who you have mentioned on more than one occasion are your favorites and the chosen (and of which I am one, by the way) are going to be tortured and killed unless we I mean he does something. So, what Im saying here is, could you, much as you did with Samson when he was backed into a corner weaponless against the Philistines, throw the kid a chock up here?With all due respect. Your friend, Biff. Amen.I was never very good at prayer. Storytelling, Im fine with. I, in fact, am the originator of a common story that I know has survived to this time because I have heard it on TV.It begins Two Jews go into a barThose two Jews? Me and J osh. No kidding.Anyway, Im not good at prayer, but before you think I was a little rough on God, theres another thing you need to know about my people. Our family with God was different from other people and their Gods. Sure there was fear and sacrifice and all, but essentially, we didnt go to him, he came to us. He told us we were the chosen, he told us he would help us to multiply to the ends of the earth, he told us he would give us a land of milk and honey. We didnt go to him. We didnt ask. And since he came to us, we figure we can hold him responsible for what he does and what happens to us. For it is written that he who can walk away, controls the deal. And if theres anything you learn from reading the Bible, its that my people walked away a lot. You couldnt turn around that we werent off in Babylon worshiping false gods, building false altars, or sleeping with contradictory women. (Although the latter may be more of a guy thing than a Jewish thing.) And God pretty much didn t mind throwing us into slavery or simply massacring us when we did that. We have that kind of relationship with God. Were family.So Im not a prayer-master, so to speak, but that particular prayer couldnt have been that bad, because God answered. Well, he left me a message, anyway.As I emerged from the olive grove, Joshua held out his hand and said, God left a message.Its a lounge lizard, I said. It was. Joshua was holding a small lizard in his extended hand.Yes, thats the message, dont you see?How was I to know what was going on? Joshua had never be to me, never. So if he said that this lizard was a message from God, who was I to dispute him? I fell to my knees and bowed my head under Joshs outstretched hand. Lord have mercy on me, I was expecting a fire bush or something. Sorry. Really. Then to Josh, I said, Im not so indisputable you should take that seriously, Josh. Reptiles dont tend to have a great record for getting the message right. Like for instance, oh, lets see, that Adam and Eve thing.Its not that kind of message, Biff. My father hasnt spoken in words, but this message is as clear as if his voice had come down from the heavens.I knew that. I stood up. And the message is?In my mind. When you had been gone only a few minutes this lizard ran up my leg and perched on my hand. I realized that it was my father giving me the termination to our problem.And the message is?You remember when we were little, the game we used to play with the lizards?Sure I do. But the message is?You remember how I was able to bring them back to life.A great trick, Josh. But getting back to the messageDont you see? If the soldier isnt dead, then there was no murder. If there was no murder, then there is no reason for the Romans to harm Joseph. So all we have to do is see that the soldier is not dead. Simple.Of course, simple. I studied the lizard for a minute, looking at it from a number of different angles. It was brown green and seemed quite content to sit there on Josh uas palm. regard him what were supposed to do now.

Diego Run

MY ESSAY It could be argued that some of the issues explored in Diego, run atomic number 18 not specific to the Bolivian population, but to all people in all circumstances. Discuss the relevance of the issues explored in Diego, operate To people in Australia today. The novel Diego, Run By Debora Ellis explores what life in a third world surface area is homogeneous and how it could be anywhere in the world. She shows us what distress, babe labour and the medicine trade can be like she also shows how all iii of these major depicted objects can be influenced by each other.Throughout the novel we are receiven on a journey to the Bolivian country that home us what life can be really like when you are effected by the major chemical groups in the book, no matter where you are or who you are you could be affected. Child labour is a downside in the novel Diego, Run Child labour is an issue that is also a high puzzle in our initiatory world country today. In third world countr ies, sometimes there may be no survival and child labour is the only option but it is fluid highly wrong.Child labour is when a child is legally too untried to be in the work force, they should be out getting and preparation and having fun but are being forced to work for the pauperization of their families. Throughout Diego, run Diego who is 12 years of age is forced to do taxi jobs passim the prison every day. He has no choice but to run errands as a taxi so he can support his mystify and baby sister to be adapted to sleep inside the crowded cell, if he didnt support his mother in paying rent they would be forced to sleep removed of the prison.Child labour is always going to be played out throughout our society no matter how hard we try to ride it out, In Bolivia or in Australia, if you can see signs of need no suspect there bequeath be Child Labour. Poverty is an overriding theme in the novel Diego, Run and is the major cause of Child Labour. Everyone you olfactory perception in todays society you will be satisfactory to see a family or country quick in poverty which includes lacking food, clothing and a place to live, this is a major problem in the Bolivian country, any third world country or any first world country. Evidence of poverty in Diego, RunAre that Diego and his family acquire to rent out a cell in a prison fair so they put ont control to sleep outside in the prison, this arrives readers stunned and make them react to just how bad poverty can be. If there is poverty, parents will do as much as they can to support their family or force their child into child to make them help support the family. Poverty can make anyone want to take up money so they can make a living and attempt to live a better life for themselves and their family if they have one, if this means going into the do medicines trade then thats what will happen no matter of the consequences.In the novel Diego, run The dominate theme of the drug trade shows us how someone living in poverty relies on the drug trade to make a living. In Bolivia the legal philosophy force is poor, so it would be easy for someone in poverty to start the making of drugs in the country and make a living. anywhere you go you will discover some form of drug trade, from the early days to the old. Bolivia is a third world country and people are living in poverty and this is the reason Diego goes into the drug trade in the first place, to help is family out.Diego was peer pressured into entering the drug trade by other boy in the prison this is similar to our society as we dont start smoking or taking drugs until our peers or parents get ahead us to do so. Mando virtually brain washes Diego into going away into the drug world to make a living for his mum, he thinks he has no other option so he decides to go with him. First he has to earn some boliviano to have with him in his pocket and then compile a note to lie to his mother about going to run with his father f or a while.Ultimately as long as you have poverty you will have child labour and a drug trade. Familys going through a tough time will take their child out of education to force them into child labour to earn a living for their family. No matter where you go, or where you come from, a first world county or a third world country you will soon stumble across signs of poverty, child labour and the drug trade. Deborah Ellis has written a very inspiring novel, Diego, Run To inform us about what things are really like in todays society.

The tale of Beowulf

The tale of Beowulf begins and ends with the funeral of great tycoons. The funerals poseed in this tale are decorate with rites that derive from the cultural traditions of the kings being laid to rest. Scyld Scefing is entombed within a lighter decorated with signs of his accomplish ments, while com/beowulf-as-an-epic-hero/Beowulf is enshrined within a barrow filled with relics of his rule. merely within these traditional burials one can find traces of the men themselves as each makes requests that lead to the distinctiveness of their burials.This allows the funerals to deform particularly distinctive as the author makes use of the elements, such as public, fire, and pee (Smith). Each funeral defines the typic ideas of move versus grounded-ness represented in the lives of these two men, and the method in which each is carried out emphasizes the glacial ways in which they entered their prop ups and mounted their thrones. The funerals of both men are representative of their personalities as shown through their deeds and the ways in which they lived their lives. Though both men were valiant warriors and kings, their lives as youths and kings appear to be very different.The movement characteristic of Scyld Scefings funeral represents a continuation of the organisation and vigor with which he sailed through life. His life was continually one of fore question from low to high estate, and he does not cease this motion in his death. The poem continues, Forth he fared at the fated moment, hard Scyld to the shelter of God (lines 26-27). His clansmen and subjects seem determined that their king should keep travel though he has been cut off from life, as they immediately poor fish him over to oceans billow (line 28).He is purportd on a barge that is taken by the floods to an even higher and more famed place, and the words utilize by the author to describe this continue this stem of motion to an even higher estate. Such words and phrases as outward hig hlight this motion, and as No man is able to say in sooth who harbored that freight, his burial demonstrates that his resting place could mean yet another promotion for this king who had risen from foundling to royalty. The funeral given Beowulf differs greatly from that granted Scyld Scefing.Beowulfs rites represent that of a more grounded king who had been home grown and bred specifically to become royalty. His funeral demonstrates no great motion, as his lineage is anchored and steeped in royalty. The rites take place within the land of his deliver, and his tomb is laid upon a foundation of the lubricating oil upon which his ancestors walked. The writer establishes this in his recounting of the events They fashioned for him the folk of Geats firm on the earth a funeral-pile (line 2821). The firmness with which this tomb is established upon the earth means the volume of Beowulfs roots within his homeland.Around this is erected a wall, and this further strengthens Beowulfs pos ition as a foundational leader of his land. The monuments given to hearth this leader are built into the ground of the kingdom and given foundations same to the roots that one finds in Beowulfs lineage. His burial is akin to sepulture care for (gold and precious stones), trusting the ground with values of earls, gold in the earth (2850), and this is in essence an act of giving back to the earth the treasure it has afforded. The funerals of Scefing and Beowulf in any case differ in the elements that attend each.According to critic George Clark in his hear Beowulfs Armor, Each funeral places the final offering of arms and armor and treasure in the context of one of the elements, pissing, fire, or earth (429). While water is the dominant element in Scefings funeral, fire is used to proclaim the burial of Beowulf. The significance of the water for Scefing derives mainly from his history, as he was borne to the Danes on a small vessel as an abandoned infant. The water represent s the deep, the debase from which the king came and to which he is allowed to return.The story comes full circle for this king, as he is again borne away at the end of his life, given back to the water that offered him to the Danes. This is done on purpose by his clansmen, and highlighted by the narrator who writes, No less these loaded the lordly gifts, thanes huge treasure, than those had done who in former time forth had sent him sole on the seas, a suckling child (lines 43-46). He is again sent by himself on the seas into the recondite belly of the flood which had offered him up as a child.The fire for Beowulf is the opposite of this water, and this might also be seen as a reference to difference of opinion in his birth and youth. However, the narrative continues, Wood-smoke rose black over blaze, and blent was the re earpiece of flame with weeping (the wind was still), till the fire had broken the frame up of bones (2827-30). While the water takes Scefing away from the la nd, Beowulfs fire offers up incense that rises and, as the ashes fall, remains forever mingled with the soil in the land of his birth.The narrator mentions that the wind was still, emphasizing the idea that no part of Beowulfs abbreviatet body or ashes is allowed to fly beyond the land of his birth and rule. He utterly belongs to this land, and the roaring of the fire becomes a dirge that rises and mingles with the sound of his subjects weeping. Yet the reader gets the feeling that Beowulf is not lost to his people. This fire is allowed to burn beyond Beowulfs bones, consuming his flesh and, as the smoke was by the sky devoured (2838), the fire sends up Beowulfs essence as a protection and covering for his land and people.Though the lives of Scefing and Beowulf were similar in many ways, they also differed in some very significant areas that have to do with how they came to be king. While Scefing begins life as a foundling and sustains upward motion that raises him to the estate of ruler, Beowulf is born a prince whose roots are grounded in his homeland. The elements used to represent these two men are also representative of their origins. pissing is used to symbolize the rootless Scefing, while fire and earth symbolize Beowulfs grounded ancestry.Both men are treasured by their people, yet allowed to fill their destinies by drifting or remaining rooted as has been their custom. whole shebang Cited Beowulf. The Harvard Classics, Volume 49. Frances B. Grummere (Trans. ) 1910. P. F. Collier & Son, 1993. Clark, George. Beowulfs Armor. ELH. Vol. 32. No. 4. Dec. 1965. pp. 409-441. Smith, Jennifer. Paradise lose and Beowulf The Christian/Pagan Hybrids of the Epic Tradition. Department of English. Long Beach calcium State University. http//www. csulb. edu/jsmith10/miltbeow. htm

Achieving Sustainable Development Through Reuse Environmental Sciences Essay

AbstractionAll over the universe, rapid industrial development of metropolitan metropoliss have ever so resulted in a growing in population and anyways in the general addition of the size of municipal solid botch generated. The focusing of municipal solid waste, if non handled decently, will take to assorted jobs now and in the hereafter. Developed states in the universe have, to a big extent succeeded in managing their waste utilizing assorted rules and systems. From suited aggregation methods to technologically advanced organization methods, they have made certain that municipal solid waste has been in effect controlled in their metropoliss.Unfortunately, the same can non be said about new(prenominal) developing states of the universe. Developing states such as Nigeria are still combating with municipal solid waste fashion. As a direct consequence of the petroleum roar, port Harcourt metropolis, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria ( which is the instance passel of this research work ) has experient a major rural- urban migration. The population has about tripled over the obsolete ages. This has, in bend, led to a monolithic addition in the unspotted volume of solid waste generated within the city..Approximately 168,201 metric wads of solid waste are produced in the metropolis of Port Harcourt each twelvemonth and waste disposal has non been efficaciously handled. Residents resort to indiscriminate discarding of their waste at every given chance The most common agencies of waste disposal in the metropolis by the populace are in the main by dumping the garbage by the route, firing the garbage in the unfastened air in their compounds, littering it openly on street corners and besides dumping them in rivers and watercourses and drainage systems. These methods of waste disposal contribute greatly to the debasement of the environment in so many ways. However, really minuscule is done to recycle and recycle the solid waste generated. Research sho ws that a immense per centum of the public do non recycle and recycle their wastes which indicates that the awareness compass point of the populace about reuse and recycle of waste in Port Harcourt metropolis is really low and offers a batch of chance for betterment.This survey hence investigates the grounds why proper waste disposal methods are neglected by occupants of Port Harcourt. It besides seeks to detect why the method of reprocess and Recycle of waste is non acquiring the consciousness and Government nutrition it greatly deserves. Recommendations were made about schemes that will let the authorities and stakeholders concern to progress on modern methods of waste utilise and recycle as a nucleus facet of municipal solid waste direction in the metropolis. Through the usage of informations collated via questionnaires, it was gathered that a bulk of respondents view as that reuse and recycling of waste can positively impact the environment, puddle realise and besides em ployment chances. It reconnoitres the nexus between reuse and recycling of solid waste as a means to make gross and to finally accomplish sustainable development in the hereafter.DedicationTo God master whose grace has brought me this far and will neer et me fallaa..mu na chi m so.RecognitionTITLE PAGEaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .ABSTRACTaaaaaaaaaaaaDEDICATIONaaaaaaa .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTaaaaaaa . bow OF CONTENTaaaaaaaaa..List OF FIGURES AND TABLESaaaaaaaa..Table OF CONTENTChapter 1INTRODUCTIONaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .Background of Studyaaaaa .Problem Statementaaaaa .Purposes and Objectivesaaaa .Research QuestionsaaaaaaaSignificance of Studyaaaaaa..Scope of StudyaaaaaaaaaaaaaaStructure of Studyaaaaaaaaaa .Chapter 22.0. publications REVIEW2.1 Definition of raving madaaaaaaaaa2.2 Categorizations of louse upaaaaa..2.3 municipal square(a) lavishness Managementaaaaaaaaa2.4 Principles of Waste Managementaaaaaaaaa..2.4.1 Prevention of Wasteaaaaaaa..2.4.2 Recovery of Wasteaaaaaaaa..2.5 Waste Compos ition in Port Harcourtaaaaaaaaa .2.6 Municipal Solid Waste Management in Port Harcourtaaaaa .2.7 Review of EU/UK ordinances on Solid Waste Managementaaaaa..2.8 Existing environmental Policies in Nigeria/Port Harcourt( level-headed model ) aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa2.8.1 Institutional Frameworkaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa2.9 use and Recycling of Municipal Solid Wasteaaaaaaaaaa .2.9.1 Reuse and Recycling a tool for Sustainable Developmentaaaa .2.9.2 Reuse and Recycling as an avenue for Revenue Generationaaaaa .2.9.3 Existing province of Reuse and Recycling of MSW in Port HarcourtaaaaaChapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMethodologyaaaaaaaaaaaaaReasons for pick of Methodologyaaaaaaaaaa essential Data Collectionaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .Secondary Data Collectionaaaaaaaaaaaaa..Analysis of Resultaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa..Ethical motives of Research Considerationaaaaaaaaa..Chapter 4RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONResultsaaaaaaaaa .Risk Assessment on MSW generated in Port Harcourtaaa..Significant Risks of Indiscriminate waste Di sposal in PortHarcourt/wellness & group A A Environmental implicationsaaaaaa .4.3 Composition of Waste in Port Harcourtaaaaaaaaaa4.4 Growth and Employment through Reuse & A Recyclingaaaaa4.5 Discussion of Resultsaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa..4.5.1 Waste coevals and Compositionaaaaaaaaaaaa .4.5.2 Methods of Municipal Solid Waste Collection andDisposalaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa..4.6 Problems Affecting Reuse & A Recycling of Municipal SolidWaste in Port Harcourtaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa..4.7 wins of Reuse & A Recycling of MunicipalSolid Waste Management..aaaaaaaaaaaaaa..4.7.1 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of Paperaa .4.7.2 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of Plasticsaa .4.7.3 Environmental Benefits of Reuse and Recycling of Glassaaa4.8 Overall Economic Benefit of Reuse & A Recycling of MunicipalSolid Wasteaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .4.9 Demerits of Reuse & A Recycling of Municipal solid Wasteaaa .Chapter 55.0 drumhead OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Summary of Findingsaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .5.2 Recommendationsaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .Conclusionaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa..Reference aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .

Christianity in the first three centuries Essay

After the terror of kinfolk 11 the American people wanted to know what type of people would fly airplanes into buildings putting to death thousands of their trustworthy citizens. The left wing media and the Bush administration, which often patronizes left wing, semi policy-making correctness, provided the most typical spin for public consumption. This interpretation works inside the typical left-wing paradigm, which deems exclusively godlinesss as essentially the same and administration as separate category of life, removed from the private concerns of true religion.It is sole(prenominal) when conservative religious-types attempt to impose their narrow minded beliefs upon the peaceablenessable humanity of religious and political communities that problems arise. (Sherifa 2005 28) Therefore, it is non Islam that brought about September 11. Islam is religion of peace. It is fundamentalists who are most to blame for disturbing the peace. After all, the term Islam means peace . Enhanced analysis is where the rubber meets the road Up to this evince in the analytical process, personnel have primarily been cleaning knowledge and analyzing in traffic patternation using broad approaches.Transforming the information into quality recognition requires duration and skill. Whether some forms of analysis are art or science is debatable. In the case of homeland security and terrorism analysis, it is both. Methods employed by an analyst can be replicated for use on many different fronts. In addition, in that respect are numerous scientific models and tools available for analysts that can be utilized by any ane to prove or verify information. The data should give up the same results for whoever under necessitates the process. (Paul 2002 31)Use of checklist is encouraged due to the magnitude of flatts that can be faced by an analyst undertaking terrorism or create hate group investigations. Too many steps are tough in the intelligence process, and informati on often arrives at intermittent times, devising organization of the information difficult. Matrixes, link charts, time lines, and maps also play historic roles in transforming information into enhanced intelligence. Whatever techniques are used to hit the books the information, it is crucial to know ones criminal data and what information is available.In warfare, one needs to know the enemy, and in the analytical sphere one needs to know the enemy (subject or target) as wellspring as the data. If you do not know what you have, how can you transform it into intelligence? (Michael 2004) Today the term is used by the media and intelligentsia as form of hate speech an epithet to curse those who disagree with them. In the enter context it is used as means of casting aspersions upon conservative Christians in relating them to terrorist activity. Stephen Schwartz serves good example of this type of blandishment.In his work on the Saudis and Wahhabis, The 2 Faces of Islam, he sk ews an otherwise outstanding work with continual reference to fundamentalist Muslims as perverting true Islam. The term serves as source of pure rhetoric throughout the work, disembodied from any specific reference to movement, group or set of beliefs. There is only one section where he up to now bothers to relate it to specific viewpoint. In this place he condemns Muslims who limit all historical and cultural development in Islam after its first deuce generations.However, this understanding of fundamentalism in terms of literal interpretation and living-in-the-past contradicts the overall dissertation of Schwartz and his liberal constituency that would characterize the religion of Muhammad the true and authentic Islam as religion of peace. If Muhammad was man of peace, literal Islam would have produced the same sort of pacifism that we come upon among early Christianity in the first three centuries. But the real fairness is that it produced a great deal the opposite.Islam does not exist in the world of ideas as disembodied, un-interpreted spirit, subsisting above and beyond the communities who represent the faith. True Islam exists only in the mind of those liberals who tender that Muslims would find in Islam what they want them to believe. No religion, philosophy or political ideology exists apart from those who interpret it in accordance with their own purposes. For example, one could find Nazism within the literary productions of Friedrich Nietzsche if one wishes to use his writings to deconstruct certain themes in certain ways.His writings contain that possibility, even if Nietzsche himself was not an anti-Semite. All works contain enough tensions within them to renounce the interpreter to choose this or that reading as more declaratory of the true essence of the text, It is all matter of choice, If reader wishes to find the good things of liberalism within the Quran feeding the poor and helping widows and orphans in their distress, the re is much in the text that lends itself to this direction. (Paul 2002 56)However, liberal cannot deny that there is more disguise for deconstructing the Quran and proceeding in the horrid direction of September 11 than there is in the script or the sacred texts of most other religions. The Bible certainly contains imprecatory psalms and holy wars, but within its writings, especially those of the parvenu volition, there is much to counteract the more bellicose verses of the old Testament and marginate them or treat them as product of bygone dispensation.Within the Quran there are number of disturbing sections that could lead in the direction of September 11 if so interpreted, and little else to counteract them. There is no notion of the historical progress of revelation, as the divine revelation did not take place over period of time. According to most Muslims, the Quran is an eternal and uncreated book. Its Arabic is Gods Arabic its words Gods Words. Nevertheless, Islam does not exist as simple monolith, which demands our acceptance or rejection. Since the events of September 11, the American people may have been treated to more truth from their authorities than ever before.In the post Vietnam era, when the notorious Phoenix program of assassinations at long last came to light, public indignation was sufficient to empower investigation by the church Committee, and subsequent ban on foreign assassinations. Over the past ten and increasingly under the Bush Jr. administration, however, open talk of intend foreign assassinations, efforts to overthrow the leaders of other sovereign states, or invasions of an unspecified array of nations can reach the daily papers through on-record remarks by elected officials. (Amit 2003 127).

A Reaction to the Article, “The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind” by Gustave Le Bon

I resolutely concur with Gustave Le Bons fairness OF THE MENTAL UNITY OF CROWDS, which is indeed a socio-psychological phenomenon observableed throughout history and continues to manifest in our day-to-day lives. We are social beings. That makes this law almost overbearing that to exclude oneself from it would mean excluding oneself from the rest of society and humanity, or ones community to be more specific.Le Bons multifaceted analysis on the psychological crowd gave me the feeling of referring to it as a community. As he spoke of collectiveness, I remembered sharing. His give-and-take on the individual(a) comprising the crowd reminded me of congregation membership. When he spoke of contagion I thought of shared expectations and vulgar goals.His influence and suggestion, are motives and issues to me in relation to community. Most importantly, his statement of individuals being equals regardless of intellect and social status is democracy. These heightened my belief of the law as I became more comfortable in relating his claims to anyday life.What is more convincing with the article is that it was written in a realistic and practical approach. Le Bon didnt dwell idealistically in his concept of the psychological crowd, like me in my understanding of a community.Diversity, conflict, and factions in thinking are certainly fateful and are always threats to harmony and homogeny. More so, the bottom line of every crowd or communitys dynamics is the motives, commitment, and gains of its members.Like Gustaves discussion on the psychological crowds dynamics of having the individuals conscious and mugwump ways of thinking dissolved in a crowd, my understanding of a community is that it is composed of people who transmit knowledge through sharing rather than individually inheriting traits and characteristics from their parents.Undeniably, this law had been formulated through in-depth expression of the dynamics of historical events and processes. It shall ne ver cease to support the populace of social, cultural, political, and frugal entities, that is all the advances as well as the setbacks human development has brought to us. whole religions, altogether laws, ALL business establishments and policies, ALL family systems, ALL academic institutions, ALL forms technology, ALL sciences, ALL wars and conflicts, etc. are all products of MENTAL UNITY OF CROWDS. As long as people converge to work on something, as long as they exist and need each other, this law shall be valid.If Sociology is the study of human social behavior, origins, institutions, organization, and the development of human society, then Le Bons Law would be the very much essential to justifying the existence of the science (Sociology).It effectively presents a powerful phenomenon that explains the process of the simple individual being the foundation of a more complex crowd, which tells us so much about social relationships and behaviors, and organizational processes. Thu s, it is able to profoundly fork out us a base of what we are actually studying every day in this course.