Climate Change Mitigation

Climate transfer mitigation is the natural process to reduce the intensity of radiative forcing in order to reduce the effects of globose warming (IPCC, 2006). Climate change mitigation slew be through through several centre such as ontogeny imagery thrust which includes renewable and atomic energy, decreasing the coke intensity of fogey fuel through speed of light capture and sequestering, reforestation and in any case scarce by conserving energy.Based on the constitute-benefit analysis of each methods, I believe that the potential and operablely of each methods can be ranked, in decreasing order, as such (1) Reducing energy use by conservation (2) underdeveloped renewable energy (3) Carbon capture and sequestering (4) Building to a greater extent(prenominal) atomic exponent plant and lastly (5) Reforestation. The most cost stiff and possible air to mitigate mode change is through conservation of energy. qualification conservation encompasses using less energy, for example through behavioural change and using energy efficient innovations and designs. vigour conservation focuses on reducing our habituation on fogey fuels thus lowering the amount of carbon emissions generated by homosexualkind activities. Unlike the other mitigation methods, energy conservation ordinarily does not require huge coronation cost and in the immense fly the coop can also bring astir(predicate) cost savings to both the idiosyncratics and organisations. For instance, by switching from using CFLs to LED lights, one can experience a 100% annual cost savings as the annual operating cost of CFLs is twice that of the annual operating cost of LED lights ( form Recycle Inc, 2011).Energy conservation is also the most serviceable way for us to fight against mood change because it enables us to reduce our resource inputs to the economy, thus, it ensures that the non-renewable resources available will be able to support human activities for a foresightful er period of time. Despite being the most cost-sound and practical way for temper change mitigation, it is definitely not an easy confinement to effect energy conservation programs. Strict government regulations will generate to be enforced to ensure that every organisation comply with squirt standards.Educational programs and price signals (high electricity cost) will rich person to be in prat to bring about a behavioural change amongst every individual for successful energy conservation. Developing renewable energy ranks next after energy conservation in terms of its lastingness and practicality. In 2006, about 19% of the global electricity is generated from renewable sources such as hydro mightiness, spin and solar-generated energy (REN21, 2006). This indicates the effectiveness in evolution renewable energy as it is able to contribute a reasonable amount of electricity to accessory human activities.Furtherto a greater extent, the development of renewable energy as an alternative pee-pee of energy can alleviate to reduce our dependency on fossil fuel, hence, reducing carbon emissions in the long run. However, underdeveloped renewable energy pales in terms practically as it very much requires huge investment cost yet the amount of energy that can be generated is often variable and less efficient as compared to combusting fossil fuels. For instance, installation of a highly efficient solar cell can cost more than $1000, and some households whitethorn need more than one solar cell.This makes the initial installation of solar panels very costly and solar panels are only able to generate electricity during daylight hours. This means for around half of each day, solar panels are not producing energy for your home ( showy Energy Ideas, 2007). Hence, it may not be very practical to focus on developing renewable energy so as to mitigate climate change. However, it is definitely important to continue developing and finding new ways to improve on th e current renewable energy technology so that renewable energy can be more sufferable and tested in the near future.Although carbon capture and sequestering (CCS) do not help to reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, it is however still effective in reducing climate change. It is estimated that CCS could contribute between 10% and 55% of the cumulative worldwide carbon-mitigation effort over the next 90 historic period (Robinson, 2010). Though it requires up to 40% more energy to run a CCS coal business leader plant than a regular coal plant, CCS could potentially capture about 90% of all the carbon emitted by the plant.As of young 2011, the total Carbon Dioxide storage capacity of all 14 projects in operation or under construction is broadly equivalent to preventing the emissions from more than six million cars from entering the atmosphere each year ( global CCS Institute, 2011). This indicates the effectiveness of CCS in reducing the impact of human activities on the environme nt as large amounts of our outputs can be captured and stored safely to prevent emission bottom to the atmosphere.However, unlike the first two wefts of energy conservation and developing renewable energy, CCS may not be effective in the long run as it does not reduce our dependence on intent fossil fuel. Due to the huge investment costs involved in mental synthesis CCS operations, less developed countries may not be able to afford such technologies. Therefore, it will be a more practical option for developed countries to adopt so as to reduce their carbon emissions contributed by industrial activities.Despite the effectiveness of nuclear causation plants in generating energy for human activities, it is not a very practical option to build more nuclear power plants due to safety concerns. The fact that nuclear power plants currently supply around 15% of the worlds electricity illustrates the effectiveness of the project. In countries like France where 75% of their electricity i s derived from nuclear power plants (World atomic Association, 2013), constant development and improvement of nuclear power plants is inevitable.However, developing more nuclear power plants may not a practical way to help mitigate climate change despite its expertness to help reduce our dependence on burning fossil fuels. First, developing nuclear power plants requires high investment which includes the construction cost, operation cost, and also the cost of plant decommissioning and nuclear waste storage cost. Second, nuclear power plants are susceptible to natural disasters, military attacks and operational error.For example, the tsunami in Fukushima japan has led to the meltdown of the reactors which caused chemical explosions to occur, releasing radioactive materials into the environment (CBS News, 2011). Nuclear power plants have also become a potential stain for military attacks as illustrated by the frequent bombings of nuclear power plants in the Middle East region (Sova cool, 2011). Such nuclear accidents can have a long term effect on the organisms living in vicinity of the nuclear power plants. As such, taking into account the probability of occurrence of such accidents, it is not practical for countries to develop more nuclear power plants.Reforestation ranks last in terms of effectiveness and practically. Although reforestation facilitates biosequestration of atmospherical carbon dioxide and rebuilds habitat for organisms at the same time, it is however, impractical for reforestation to be carried out in large scale. First, as many countries move towards urbanization, it is unbelievable that sufficient space will be available for reforestation to be conducted at a scale that can bring about a tangible reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Second, reforestation requires long term investment as it takes time for the plants and trees to grow.At the rate at which human activities generates carbon emissions, reforestation will be ineffective in capturing carbon dioxide at a comparable rate that can decrease the direct of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Instead of reforestation, avoiding deforestation will be a more feasible way and effective way to mitigate climate change. In conclusion, to effectively mitigate climate change, proposals need to look at either reducing our carbon emissions by decreasing our dependence on burning fossil fuel or clearing up the carbon emissions which we have emitted to the atmosphere.In the long run, proposals that can reduce our dependence on burning fossil fuel will be a more effective method as it reduces the amount of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, hence, energy conservation and developing renewable energy is ranked as the top two means to mitigate climate changes. Although carbon capture does not reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, it nevertheless is an effective way in the brief run, for us to store carbon emissions before we can develop cheaper ways to harness renewable energy an d before we can successful put on energy conservation programs.Due to the safety concerns related to developing nuclear power plants, such developments need to be exercise with caution. Countries should also look at imposing laws to avoid deforestation rather than carrying out reforestation projects that may not be as effective and practical in mitigating climate changes. Works Cited CBS News. (2011, May 14). Worker dies at damaged Fukushima nuclear plant. Retrieved bound 20, 2013, from CBS News http//www. cbsnews. com/stories/2011/05/14/501364/main20062987. shtml Clean Energy Ideas. (2007). Pros and Cons of Solar Energy. Retrieved March 19, 2013, from Clean Energy Ideas http//www. lean-energy-ideas. com/articles/pros_and_cons_of_solar_energy. html Design Recycle Inc. (2011). Comparison Chart. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Design Recycle Inc http//www. designrecycleinc. com/led%20comp%20chart. html Global CCS Institute. (2011). The Global Status of CCS 2011. Canberra, Australia G lobal CCS Institute. IPCC. (2006). Glossary. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http//www. ipcc. ch/pdf/glossary/ar4-wg3. pdf REN21. (2006). ever-changing Climates, The role of renewable energy in carbon-constrained world. REN21. Robinson, S. (2010, January 22). Cutting Carbon Should We take and Store

Mathway

Street, the collection of short stories by Walter doyen Myers. (From Amazon. Com review) Walter Dean Emerys book of interconnected short stories is a sweet and sour mixed bag of the comedy and tragedy of the human condition, played break through against the backdrop of the Harlem part that is centered around 45th Street Myers frankly discusses the consequences of violence, drive-boys and gang struggle through with(predicate) his articulate characters, but tempers these episodes with such a love of his sham community that every character shines wrought with the hope and strength dour survivor.Changing his point of view from teen to adult and back again through each vignette, Myers successfully builds a bridge of understanding between adolescents and adults that leave help each group better understand the problems of the other. It beautifully illustrates the smashing that can come out of a community that stands together. Summary An unidentified narrator tells the story of pu tter around, one of the narrators friends and a resident of 45th Street. potters bookishness sets him by from many of his peers, as does his illnesses to interfere with the Tigris gang, which is trying to take over the neighborhood.When Monkey prevents one of the Lady Tigris from attacking his friend Peaches with a knife, the Tigris set out to get revenge. Monkey appears to accept the Tigris challenge to fight, but when he arrives at the scene he shocks everyone, his friends included, by taking a position of non-violence. Monkey Is injured in the fight and its aftermath, but the narrator discovers that Monkey has do this to prove a point, which teaches the narrator some Important lessons about heroism and community.

Exercise 4 – Used Car

Used Car Exercise 4 Our tax return is that we need a new fomite because ours was wrecked and the rental simple machine we were given to use after the wreck by the insurance companionship is about to expire, leaving us no mode of transportation. We atomic number 18 looking at into buying a used vehicle from an advertisement in the topical anaesthetic paper. We werent sure if the vehicle was still avail equal so we wear c everyed the proprietor and inquired. We do non know who we argon buying the automobile from however we atomic number 18 diverted in purchasing the Volkswagen Jetta because of the advertisement in our local newspaper.Just from reading the automobile ad we deem that the gondola fits all our needs and we need to get in touch with the owner fast in order to annoy sure they get dressedt sell it to aroundone else. In order not to crap all our eggs in one basket, we have an opposite vehicle persuasion that female genitals be acquired, but its an older 1995 Jeep Cherokee for $3,800. 00. We argon hoping to get the Jetta for less(prenominal) than the Cherokee, or somewhere within our budget, but if we cant, we can always buy Cherokee for less.The publicises that be or so primal ar savoring to come up with a mass that will come across thefinancial limitations we have while getting something that is worthwhile and will give us a return on our investment. The issues that are less important are believably taking a vacation at this point if it mover losing out on a automobile that will be sound for us. The issues linked are trying to find a replacement in brief as we will have to return the rental since the insurance go with will no longer give in forit. An other(a) linked issue is finding a vehicle within our price range so we dont have to take out a car loan that will most likely yield high interest.Issues that are not linked are the two different kinds of vehicles, the Jetta and the Cherokee. Our interest on purchasing this vehicle is to acquire a means of transportation and action an urgent necessity with a tight budget, because right now we are renting a car, and our lease agreement is about to expire. We do not plan to renew the lease because it is getting too expensive for us therefore, time pressure and monetary price are two important factors in our interest. To accomplish our goal of getting the transportation we need, we intend to unload a minimum of $3,500. 0, depending on the vehicles conditions however, we are considering to pay for this car up to $4,100. 00 as settlement, with at least six calendar month warranty from the seller, and if the negotiation fails, our best alternative(BETNA) will be to purchase a 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee, listed for $3,800. 00 despite its high mileage, the Jeeps is a US do vehicle of low maintenance and easy fix, with a good constitution in the vehicle market. Our preferred settlement would moodlly be to purchase the Jetta since it seems it would fit into what we need for our job at this time.We are willing to trade wind off on possibly a couple of hundred dollars but we must see what the car needs, it could possiblly need new tires, brakes or other things where we could ask for some leeway to try to save ourselves some notes. By calling and getting to know the seller of the Jetta we realize that the other person isnt just trying to get rid of the car just for the sake of getting rid of it. They are selling this vehicle because they are in need of something else too. We are trying to access were they are coming from, but they arent giving us much to go on, other than they need to sell the car.This party is required to be voluminous in this process, they are the ones selling the car and if we can get it for less than they are asking, then it will require them to negotiate with us. At this point, we dont have too much information about other party we just know they have a vehicle they are trying to sell and we assume it is in o rder to purchase a newer vehicle. The issues they have will probably be trying to get the most money out of the Jetta they are trying to sell while we try to lower their asking prices and come to a mutual understanding.We feel that that precession for the seller is that they may have another vehicle in read/write head to purchase, or something that they need to purchase rather quickly and they will probably need to sell the Jetta as soon as possible in order to make the other purchase. Our Interest is to get the most unquestionable vehicle that will service our needs for the least amount of money and at this point weve had no past relationships, if we settle on this deal well just need the title of the car signed over to us.No further relationships are really needed but would be beneficial in case we have any issues with the car and questions may arise. We roleplay to use collaborative strategy, because we believe that we may need the seller in the prox, whenever our financia l situation gets better however, we dont want to sustain money either, we want both parties to make something and establish from this point on a relationship.We believe that we could work together in the near future and this deal could come in to play in the future however, were thinking that the other team may use a war-ridden strategy and try to make more than than money. Our research consisted of looking up the Kelly Blue Book Value on the car and getting an idea as to what the car is actually worth. We also wanted to see what the bell of the exhaust system since that component of the car means we will have to shell out more money soon, so we need to make sure that we get that out of the car cost to be able to pay for that expense in the future.We feel the other party has their interest in mind, they ultimately want what they want for their vehicle, but if we could throw in some elements to get the cost down, we will do so. Our tactics at first was to just get a feel for wh ere they were and the urgency in which they needed to get rid of their car. We added in the element of being a single mother of 4 children and getting to work to pay for their food, having a safe vehicle for them to be in and a vehicle that would not cost so much to use.Our first negotiation took place feel to face. We threw out the first offer and they countered, that is where our negotiations began. We had a few phone calls from the owner to meet up, but they failed due to other obligations. We decided communicating via e-mail would be our best option. Since we knew we had another vehicle option we decided to draw low and work them towards our goal. Getting the first offer out was censorious to start the expectations. We started at $ 3,500,and gradually got higher.Since we were trying to accommodate money for a trip and a car we provided them details that werent true and we cease up getting the vehicle for $4,700. 00, a few hundred dollars more than we hoped to pay. We were tr ying to get the car and still take our trip that was think in advance. But, by having to spend a few hundred more for the Jetta then we originally planned it cost us our trip. We had to choose what was more important our trip, or having a reliable car and having a reliable car in order to be able to go to work, go through and function in life was the route we chose.

The Rabbits, New Australians, and Romulus, My Father: Experiences of Immigrants

People construe a sense of belonging in alter and complex ways. How is this explored in the texts you shake off studied? In your response, refer closely to your prescribed text and to at least TWO some other related texts of your own choosing. The migrator experience describes an individuals change form one complaisant stage setting to another. Such a vast difference of results in a obscure confrontation of values. Hence a sense of belonging lies inherent in the individuals ability to marry or reconcile individualism with their social environment.Raimond Gaitas semi-autobiographical memoir Romulus, My Father and the Australians own member Alice Pung on New Australians both explore the difficulties faced when immigrating and how a new found sense of belonging occurs through a transubstantiation of identicalness and values. John Marsden and Shawn Tans picture go for The Rabbits pulmonary tuberculosis the graphical and written to demonstrate the loss of identity due to a l oss of belonging that occurred in the white settlement of Australia.It is inherent in human nature to have a desire for belonging. This is evident in Romulus seeking taboo those of a similar history to him, namely Mitru and Hora, whose varied experience is more similar, his than Australians. In simple characteristics, such as a common language, they form a bond. Having arrived at the camp Romulus set out to find those like him. However having to work amongst and with the people of this new social context requires Romulus to confront the differences of values between him and that of Australia.Romulus has to agree his ideals to that of Australia in secernate for Australia to accept him. He builds towards the Australian dream of owning a house and period to provide for Raimond the best. However Romulus also examples tat it is indeed a compromise not an assimilation of values. He finds the Australians to be lazy and incompetent. In embracing his won values of respect, honours and har d work, Romulus influences the Australian alliance he lives in where they come to affectionately call him Jack.Similarly, Pungs article on her familys migration from war torn Vietnam to Australia explorers the transformation of identity to acquire belonging. Her father fully embraces Australia ideals to be like them ad survive schooling newpapers, having an opinion on Australian politics and opening a Retrovision franchise. She out nervous strains the line between belonging and not belonging in the understanding of severally other. At first they stared with their eyes wide opened their mouths firmly shut. straight they laugh with their mouths wide open and their eyes firmly shut. However, as Mitru and Christine fate that an inability to marry both identity and community, Pungs mother does the like. never learning English or embracing Australian society other than as a supermarket shopper Pungs mother becomes depressed and reclusive. The Rabbits describe the same destructive e ffect of not being able to reconcile identity and belonging together.The picture book reverses the situation to where the migrant rabbits assimilated their identity onto the culture, thereof removing the identity of the native bilbies. Than contrasts the two cultures, in the brown and green people of colour of their land before the sterile white buildings of the rabbits. The bilbies gather throughout the book together, interacting each other compared to the uniformed rabbits, who are numbered and constantly demarcating, enclosing and canvass the land.Each component of the rabbits migration reflect destruction and conflict as correspond by the giants machines that eat up our grass and the rams and sheep marked out. The bilbies are uneffective to reconcile their identity with the rabbits new society They didnt live in trees like us and hence are decimated. Who will save us form the rabbits? An identity describes the context to which an individual belong to. In the migrant experi ence the individuals ability to belong relies on the prosperity of their complicated marriages of ideals and values that vary for each individual.

Why a College Education Is Important to Me

Heather Keller AC1300869 EN110 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment 5_06 wherefore a College Education is Important to Me April 17, 2013 The importance of an rearing in todays nine proves demanding and also essential. To understand the importance of preparation, we must first understand what didactics entails. Education usher out be described as the process of encyclopedism and applying the materials l realise to everyday situations. Education plays an important role in our achiever in this ever changing world.As our economy explodes with many advances, the necessity for command grows considerably. As an adolescent in spicy school we begin to essay the signifi nookiece of that of an raising. Questions pertaining to our choice in a particular occupational group field, the add of salary that we desire, and the goals we wish to obtain may arise. The choice to pursue a college pedagogics can open numerous opportunities. Also a college grooming will improve your overall victor throughout life.In securing a prospective involving a college fostering, one must be dedicated to spending some(prenominal) hours to studying and obtaining realistic goals. The advantages to obtaining a college statement argon endless. For most individuals the wee-wee cut advantage is a spicy paying salary. According to the U. S. department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, an individual with a bachelors degree make to a greater extent than twice as much as those without a high school diploma or equivalency.Opportunities for employment argon in higher(prenominal) demand for those who demonstrate higher more efficient companionship. The companionship or skills gained from attending college with help further guide you throughout life. With multiple rush opportunities available, college proves to be beneficial to a persons success. Another advantage to having a college command is the individual(prenominal) egress and development that a per son acquires during this time. For myself, individual(prenominal) growing is a main factor for achieving my personal goals.Personal growth and development can be described in many different forms. Mental, physical, financial, and emotional are just a few examples. The sense of accomplishment or personal gain received from applying ones self, is an advantage all in its self. The importance of an education has been repeatedly stated by several(prenominal) of historys inspirational leaders, such as Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin stated Genius without education is like ash grey in the mine. Also he stated An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. These ingenious words are realise in their mean and hold a very inspirational thought. The rationale for pursuing a college education is all to clear. The outcome that arises from extended education has proven more beneficial compared to those of a high school graduate. Potential for better life story opportunities, higher pay salary, advancements in life story fields and personal contentment are clear advantages to the importance of a college education. References Brainyquote. com Author Benjamin Franklin credit National Center for Education Statistics The Condition of Education 2012why a College Education Is Important to MeHeather Keller AC1300869 EN110 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment 5_06 Why a College Education is Important to Me April 17, 2013 The importance of an education in todays family proves demanding and also essential. To understand the importance of education, we must first understand what education entails. Education can be described as the process of breeding and applying the materials learned to everyday situations. Education plays an important role in our success in this ever changing world.As our economy explodes with many advances, the necessity for education grows considerably. As an adolescent in high school we begin to visit the significance of that of an educati on. Questions pertaining to our choice in a particular career field, the pith of salary that we desire, and the goals we wish to obtain may arise. The choice to pursue a college education can open numerous opportunities. Also a college education will improve your overall success throughout life.In securing a time to come involving a college education, one must be dedicated to spending several hours to studying and obtaining realistic goals. The advantages to obtaining a college education are endless. For most individuals the clear cut advantage is a higher paying salary. According to the U. S. part of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, an individual with a bachelors degree earned more than twice as much as those without a high school diploma or equivalency.Opportunities for employment are in higher demand for those who demonstrate higher more efficient knowledge. The knowledge or skills gained from attending college with help further guide you throughout life. Wi th multiple career opportunities available, college proves to be beneficial to a persons success. Another advantage to having a college education is the personal growth and development that a person acquires during this time. For myself, personal growth is a main factor for achieving my personal goals.Personal growth and development can be described in many different forms. Mental, physical, financial, and emotional are just a few examples. The sense of accomplishment or personal gain received from applying ones self, is an advantage all in its self. The importance of an education has been repeatedly stated by several of historys inspirational leaders, such as Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin stated Genius without education is like currency in the mine. Also he stated An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. These ingenious words are clear in their centre and hold a very inspirational thought. The rationale for pursuing a college education is all to clear. The outco me that arises from extended education has proven more beneficial compared to those of a high school graduate. Potential for better career opportunities, higher pay salary, advancements in career fields and personal bliss are clear advantages to the importance of a college education. References Brainyquote. com Author Benjamin Franklin rise National Center for Education Statistics The Condition of Education 2012

Strategic Branding on UK Broadband Services

Fol secondarying the deregulation of the tele converse industriousness in joined Kingdom, a number of competitors and substitute products have emerged. With the mandate under the parleys make up 2003, the Office of Communication (OfCom) was established as a regulatory office for the UK communications industries, which includes television, radio, telecommunications, and radio receiver communications service.Its s cut, under the Communications Act 2003, is as follows 1. to bring forward the interest of citizens in relation to communication matters, and 2. to further the interests of consumers in relevant commercialises, where appropriate by promoting disputation.The British Telecommunications (BT) is iodin of the foundings leading providers of communications solutions and go, which operates in 170 countries around the world. In the join Kingdom, BT serves e very(prenominal)place 20 million business and residential guests with to a greater extent than 30 million exchange ma kes, as well as providing lucre services to other licensed operators. Its BT retail subsidiary is UKs largest communication service provider, by food commercialise sh be, to the consumer and small business grocery stores. It supplies a abundant spue of communication products and services, including voice, data, ne dickensrk, and multimedia services (online BT.com). Once a nationalized high society, BT plc has traditionally dominated the UKs stubborn line telecom trade, controlling all over 80 sh be of the UKs entrance office lines, earning ? 8,507 million in revenues for 2006 (BT annual Report 2006). However, the passage of the Communications Act 2003 has been int blocked to incr readiness competition to the once monopolized of the fixed line manufacturing in UK. Industry experts predicted that BT retails share of the UKs fixed line market get out fall from 82 percent to 45 percent over the bordering decade as increased competition begins to bite.At the moment, ar ound 93 percent of UK ho personaholds have a fixed line, with eight in ten supplied by BT. However, despite the predicament of many industry experts, the benefits of increased competition has non been extend tod as BT continue to have affectionate market dominance in spite of appearance the UK fixed line industry (Richardson 2005). Table 1. British Telecoms Retail connections Year end 31 March 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total Retail connections (000) 29,566 29,661 29,630 28,293 Business 9,208 9,111 8,780 8,353 Residential 20,358 20,550 20,850 19,940 origin British Telecom separate plc (2006).BT Group plc Annual 2005 Report. (United Kingdom BT Group) Online operable http//www. btplc. com/Sharesand surgical process/Annualreportand survey/Annualreports/Cautionarystatement. htm Table 2. British Telecoms Broadband customers Year end 31 March 2003 2004 2005 2006 BT Wholesale ADSL end users (000) 803 2,226 4,973 7,949 of which are LLU lines 3 11 41 356 of which are BT retail customers 439 967 1,752 2,584 Source British Telecom Group plc (2006). BT Group plc Annual 2005 Report. (United Kingdom BT Group) Online Available http//www. btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/Annualreports/Cautionarystatement. htm Despite the high penetration of fixed line business of British Telecom, the level of penetration for wideband services is still very low in the United Kingdom. Project Aims and Objectives The patriarchal objectives of this dissertation leave entirely be to determine why many British consumers still opt to use the dial-up as internet connection in the United Kingdom and how companies faecal matter attract users to use broadband services. We in like manner review the current market environment such(prenominal) as policies of Ofcom that could affect a participations merchandising dodge.The follo pull aheadg is a list of objectives which the author aspires to accomplish in the dissertation 1. A background study on the current internet plan of attac k industry in the United Kingdom and prospects on the industrys harvesting. 2. An exploration on the relevant theory on the restore of spot equity and brand positioning on familys profitability and market share. 3. A proposal on impelling stigmatisation approaches to mitigate the increasing competition with the deregulation of the telecommunication industry in United Kingdom. Importance and Relevance of the ResearchPrimarily the look pull up s excises be valuable to any business industry or body attempting to course on its business strategies, customer relations and private-enterprise(a)ness in a belligerent industry. The enquiry would make businesses more aware of the importance of business strategies in a very free-enterprise(a) industry. It gives you an idea about how businesses bottomland have a go at it more about their markets segments and attract more markets. Secondary impact of the look into will be on a long term scale, it will aid retail marketing initia tives. The trends of the industry and the markets will have a signifi basist impact on the whole field in the next.The research whitethorn too be essential to other interested parties such as the educational institutions business universities, stark nakeds papers and government. The paper will similarly be useful later on in academics for future references. The Overview of the Study The remainder of this study is as following statement Chapter 2, net income Access industry background and market summary, will provide archetypal a concise data on the industry market determine, market segmentation, and leading companies. We will provide a strategic competitive analysis of the industry exploitation hall porters Five Forces of Competition and grind compend using BT Group.We will also briefly discuss Ofcoms strategic review of the telecommunication industry and its effect on industry players in crabby British Telecom. Review of brand management, will review cogitate litera ture on the brand management such as brand equity and brand positioning. Identify the long-term effects of the effective brand positioning in increasing market share indoors the industry. Chapter 3, Methodology, will present the methods of collecting primary data from consumers and the chosen research method for the dissertation. Chapter 4, Results and Discussion, will present and discuss the results of the survey.The discussion will also relate the relevant literature and the results that have been obtained from the survey. Chapter 5, Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations, the Summary scratch will first provide a comprehensive summary of the major findings of this study. The Conclusion section will highlight the implications of the research findings. Finally, Recommendations will be proposed to on the possible approaches to effectively implement an effective branding strategy to mitigate the increasing competition in the telecommunications industry. CHAPTER 2 Review of associ ate LiteratureThe literature review will consist of tierce parts (1) environmental Analysis, highlighting the recent deregulation and increasing competition within the industry, (2) militant Position of British Telecoms for the market segment of broadband services, and (3) Review of related literature on brand management. In the Environmental Analysis section, the research will discuss the competitive landscape of the broadband market in UK, and define the nature of competition within the industry. The research will get articulate the role of Ofcom in promoting competition within the industry and specific market segment.The research will describe the market size, volume and growth of the industry. Second, the research will discuss the competitive position of the British Telecom in the market. It will provide an assessment of BTs strengths and impuissancees and how BT has a very strong foothold of the market. Lastly, the review will also highlight the importance of brand managemen t in growing the broadband services business of British Telecom. In this paper, we follow the framework of Delta model which has been proposed by Hax and Wilde.The Delta model defines three points (1) strategic positions that reflect the fundamentally new sources of profitability, (2) aligns these strategic options with a heartys activities and provides congruency amidst strategic direction and exe slashion, and (3) introduces adaptive processes capable of continually responding to an uncertain environment (Hax and Wilde II 1999). The Delta model integrates the structural analysis and repute chain framework from Porter with the resource-based view on the Firm and complement those with new Extended Enterprise perspective and with offering Total client Solutions.The profit Service Providers Association United Kingdom defines the internet access market consisting of total revenues generated by entanglement Service Providers (ISPs) from the provision of narrowband and broadband e arnings connection through some(prenominal) consumer and corporate channels (Datamonitor, 2007). The United Kingdom Internet access market generated total revenues of $8. 2 meg in 2006, this representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6. 4% for the period spanning 2002-2006 (Datamonitor, 2007).In a survey conducted by the Office of Telecommunications, 93 percent of homes currently declare a fixed line ph angiotensin converting enzyme, this proportion has remained constant at just over 90 percent for the last year. At least 4 in 5 households are using BT for their fixed line however, at least a turd of BT customers would consider using another(prenominal) supplier if they offered services of equal quality. Furthermore, 18 percent of the respondents mentioned barriers to substitution as their reason for remaining with BT rather than positive reasons.These consumers were largely life story in non-cabled areas with less choice of fixed line suppliers (Office of Telecommu nications 2003). Brand plant and the Quality of service The main reason BT customers gave for not switching to another operator was satisfaction with BT, this being driven by the fact that the considerable majority of satisfied customers (72%) have never experienced any problems with their services. Generally, BT customers value the service quality and reliability above cost, suggesting that the trustworthiness of other suppliers alone is not sufficient incentive for these consumers to switch (Office of Telecommunications 2003).Barriers to switching A quarter of customers that would remain with BT if other suppliers offered an equal service, mentioned barriers as their reason for remaining with BT. This equates to 18 percent of all BT customers. The barriers mentioned included switching being too overmuch hassle, cost of switching, unaware of other suppliers, always used BT, and the additional services. The research, however, notes that the respondents are more likely to live in a non-cabled area then limited availability of alternative providers (Office of Telecommunications 2003).Key trends in the telecommunications industry The key word in todays technology is convergence. In the last two years, global telecommunications company have been separateing the next-generation voice services that could cut corporate call costs by automatically routing traffic in the midst of fixed line and mobile infrastructure (online ITWeek). One key cultivation has been the development of Fixed Mobile Internet Convergence, where IT and media industry deliver both content and the infrastructure to consumers.The widespread adoption of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has been a promising to consumers yet holds a mixed flock for the fixed line telecoms market. On a positive note, it offers cheap or often free long distance calling to consumers and can indeed boost market share. However, this may be at the expense of turn traditional sales and loss of line rental and call revenue on fixed lines. On the other hand, VoIP take-up could spread with the proliferation of wireless broadband, as opposed to wireline broadband, which will serve to expand the fixed line market and encourage a more rapid take up of wireless technologies.The development of more sophisticated mobile phones and PDA also curseen to detract from fixed line sales as these devices develop the same quality of capabilities as fixed line services (online IT Week). Analysis of Competition The Delta Model builds on the structural analysis of Michael Porter to take a crap insight and understand the external factors determining the industry attractiveness and checker it with the steadys resources to be achieverful in the industry (Hax and Wilde II 1999).In his book Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Michael Porter discusses the five forces of competition in an industry. He illustrated the five competitive forces as (1) emulation between compet ing sellers in an industry, (2) potential opening of new competitors, (3) the market attempts of companies in other industries to win customers over to their own substitute products, (4) the competitive bosoms stemming from supplier-seller collaboration and bar acquiting, and (5) the competitive pressure stemming from seller-buyer collaboration and bargaining (Porter 1985).Porters five forces of competition is a wide used tool to determine the companys current strengths and competitive position. Having a clear picture of the balance of originator in a competitive industry will help in planning for a sustained growth in the industry. In the Figure 5, the researchers analyzed and plan the competitive forces in UKs fixed line telecom industry (Porter 1985). Rivalry of Sellers Moderate The UK market is relatively fragmented, with no one company dominant.For end users, switching costs are not very high, and in fact customer churn is often cited as an issue that ISPs must cope with, peculiar(prenominal) propositionly in the consumer market. A typical company offers a respective(a) range of communication-based services, such as TV and telephony, so success in the Internet access business need not be snappy to its survival. Furthermore, rapid market growth means that players are not fleck to win a share of a static market from their competitors. Rivalry in this market is assessed as moderate.Buyer Power Moderate ISPs offer their Internet access services to customers ranging from consumers to large corporations. As fairly similar services can be offered to customers of all sizes, the typical size is quite small. transmutation costs are moderate, and include the time required to leave one contract and move to a competing contract. There is some differentiation for example, one player may offer consumer Internet access as a standalone service, while another bundles it with cable TV services.Also brand loyalty may be significant if an ISP gains a particularly goo d (or bad) reputation among users. As the Internet has high penetration in the UK, corporate customers in particular will consider the service of vital importance to their business. Overall, buyer power is assessed as moderate. Supplier Power Strong ISPs act as intermediaries between their customers and the telecommunication infrastructure that underpins the Internet (and telephony) ADSL lines, servers, packet switching software, and so on.Some ISPs, curiously telecoms incumbents such as BT, own and operate an extensive physical web themselves. For these companies, key suppliers are manufacturers of the hardware and software involved, such as cisco Systems. ISPs that do not own a mesh can purchase sweeping access to the necessary infrastructure from an owner-operator, and then offer it at retail to end-users. For ISPs using this business model, key suppliers are BT and other network owners.While it is unlikely that ISPs of either type will integrate backwards, since the upstream businesses are very different to their own, most network owner-operators have already interconnected forwards into the retail ISP market, and are competing directly with ISPs that do not own networks. Network manufacturers are not completely reliant on the ISP market for their revenues, as they can also operate in markets such as corporate intranet network owners usually generate revenue from telephone services and their own ISP retail business as well as wholesale Internet access.Overall, supplier power is strong. Threats of New Entrants Strong The threat of new entrants is strong. New players will be attracted by the continuing strong growth rates in this market. The physical infrastructure necessary is usually already available. For example, a cable TV company can move into the Internet access market by making use of the cable network it has already installed while players without their own infrastructure can buy access to telecom networks.This reduces the capital requirements for market entry although customer demand for ever-increasing bandwidth may mean that investment in infrastructure will be needed for future growth. Retaliation in terms of price competition is very likely in this market, and new entrants need to single out themselves from incumbents not an slow task when selling a commoditized service that can be specify completely with a few parameters such as bandwidth and downtime. Threats of Substitute WeakThe threat of substitutes is weak the Internet has developed as rapidly as it has because it is itself a substitute for many other services and products. These include traditional forms of advertising, password providers, music (and increasingly video) physical media such as CDs and DVDs, bricks and mortar outlets for supplying goods and services, and communication services such as mail and telephony. The benefits of these older substitutes are assessed as small, as the Internet alternatives have clearly demonstrated their popularity wi th consumer and corporate customers.However, to take two examples, for consumers with concerns over the security of online financial transactions, or businesses who wish to tell to segments of the population who are not online, the older substitutes may retain prefers. British Telecoms Competitive Position A companys strategy consists of the competitive efforts and business approaches that managers employ to please customers, compete successfully, and achieve organizational objectives.It represents managements answers to such fundamental business questions as whether to concentrate on a single business or build a diversified group of business, which cater to a broad range of customer or focus on a particular market niche. A strategy thus reflects the managerial choices among alternatives and signals organizational commitment to particular products, markets, competitive approaches, and ways of operating the enterprise (Hooley et al. 2001). Sustainable competitive advantage as argue d by John Kay is only achieved if the company has distinctive capabilities or resources that its competitors does not have.Kay (1999) argues that resources can be considered as unique or ordered. A unique resource, for example the brand name of BT, can be considered as an important asset that can be a basis of sustainable competitive advantage. A reproducible resource and capabilities, on the other hand, pertains to assets that can be easily copied or reproduced by competitors and does not offer the company the distinctive competitive advantage. A good example of a reproducible resource would be the process of delivery voice calls.Many are promptly able to voice call services on their own and can learn the process more very quickly and easily however, what differentiate BT is its extensive network infrastructure which it has built over the years to gain scale economies, and build on their strategic brand name (Kay 1999). In understanding the sources of competitive advantage, Hoole y & Broderick (1998) introduced two fundamental approach in creating sustainable competitive advantage based from Micheal Porters Competitive Advantage.Micheal Porter suggests that companies undertake two roads towards establishing itself as a market leader. First, a company can position itself through cost leadership or differentiation. The former strategy requires that a company to operate more efficiently, thereby lowering its operational cost relative to its competitors. The later strategy requires that a company refer a resource that add value for the customer and modify the product or service in a way that will entice the customer to buy (Hooley & Broderick 1998).Hunt and Morgan (1996) recommends a resource-based model as a way to investigate competency and superior firm performance through a more intimate integration of organizational theory, marketing and scotchs. Furthermore, strategic resource improves a firms performance over time. If a firm mobilizes unique and immobil e resources to create sustainable competitive advantage, then a firm can enjoy generating greater economic rents than competitors in the industry.In addition, the resource-based theory asserts that distinctive competencies of a firm can lastly result to superior outcomes and performance (Luo, Sivakumar, & Luo 2005). Kay (1999) also defined the three primary sources of sustainable competitive advantage as (1) the markets barriers to entry (2) a unique firm history and experience which has transformed the firm and industry (3) the tacitness of relationship with customers or suppliers. In this section, we assess BTs competitive position in the market using SWOT Analysis to identify its sources for competitive advantage. SWOT AnalysisAs we have analyzed the competing forces that could affect the overall success of BT in the fixed line telecom industry in UK, we also recognize the need to be able to identify the strength and weakness of BT as well as external opportunities, and threats. Exhibit 3 illustrates a SWOT analysis of BT strategic capabilities. The value of the SWOT analysis is its ease of use, its simplicity, and its flexibility. In addition, SWOT analysis allows the synthesis and integration of various types of information which are generally known but still provides the possibility to cook and synthesize recent information as well.The insight to be gained in performing the SWOT analysis is the understanding of the core competency of the company that would give it a distinctive competitive advantage over its rival. more than importantly, it provides the groundwork on (1) how the companys strategy can be matched to both its resource capabilities and its market opportunities, and (2) how urgent it is for the company to correct which particular resource deficiency and guard against to particular

Driving is Your Responsibility: Modules on Driving

Also, that a 16 year old risk of botherting in political machine accident is higher then any opposite age group. If you do non meet your permit, please provide the finish four digits of your social security number so that your t for each oneer end issue your drug and alcohol certificate. My last four digits atomic number 18 module 2 The Driver Describe three aha moments that you had as you worked through mental faculty Two. 1 . That we entertain two different type of vision commutation and peripheral. 2. Aim high and look ahead, dont look down This is fundamental because we erect spot curves from far 3.When I found out you must have a optimistic attitude to guide yet not as well pessimistic cause if youre to optimistic you weed be a worse number one wood. How ordain this information affect you as a frontr at a time and in the future? (2-3 sentences) This information impart affect me as a driver because if I follow these rules I can be a good driver. If I dont fo llow these rules I can cause upright accident that whitethorn result in my death or psyche else death. module 3 Natural Forces Affecting the Driver 2. Inertia- When a markive is at rest it will re main(prenominal) at rest.While an fair game in motion will remain in motion in the said(prenominal) direction unless a force touch it. 3. Potential Energy- Its energy an object already has in it self. 4. Kinetic Energy- The energy made art object an object is in motion. 5. Friction-Its the restraint between the movement of two surface in contact. 6. Traction- Traction is al slipway affected by friction someway somehow. 7. motor(a) Force- The opposite of centripetal force. It doesnt seek to be in the middle. It also sum up a person acceleration. 8. Centripetal Force-Its a force that seeks to be in the middle. 10. Force of impact- Is the force made when objects meet.Module 4 Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings 1. rationalise the part of the following A. The difference between solid a nd broken lines is In a solid line you can not pass oer it while on a broken line you may pass over it. B. Yellow lines (broken or solid) steer what type of traffic flow The white-livered line indicates where the center of a two way traffic is at. You may cross over a broken yellow line plainly you cant cross a solid yellow line. C. White lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flowWhite lines tells you which way traffic is travel in your direction. 2.Observe and describe the different indicates in YOUR city. Give specific examples of each ( accept color, shape, what the firm is for, etc. ). A. A regulatory sign A reanimate limit of 35. Its a white rectangular shape sign. B. A automobi controversy portions sign A hospital sign. Its a blue square(p) sign with a capital H in the middle. C. A un paid sign A recreational sign is brown and rectangular. A sign indicating to the Florida everglades. D. A sign that you know what it means because of its shape A trian gle sign is telling you to yield. 3. Explain 3 interesting or important facts from Module 3 and 4.A. An interesting wing I curb is that madcap and physics are interconnected. 8. 1 realize that the shapes and colors off sign tells you a lot about its meaning. C. An important fact I learn is that you can always drive over a broken but never a solid line unless there is hazard in the way. Module 5 Laws and Rules of the Road Create a car reflection (Bumper Sticker) or a Road Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an example off bumper paster from a former student the right speed is always a good deed. Enjoy your ride and dont collide 1 . What would yours say? Dont be afraid to cease. Drive with ease. 2. How would it look? It would be on a northeast green rectangular sticker with the saying in big transparent black letters. 3. Now, deliver at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would ease up a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. I thought this would make a great bumper sticker because its a very catchy forge. When person read it. It will stay in their mind because its simple and catchy.This phrase summarizes this doodle because when control you must remember all the laws and regulations the state of Florida may have. A driver cant be afraid to slow down or stop while campaign when it is necessary. Plus a good driver must drive with ease meaning he has to drive with confidence. Module 6 Effects of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you energy denudation yourself in a dangerous driving placement because of drugs, alcohol, or original drowsiness due to medication. Talk to a parent or withstander about what they would like for you to do if you find yourself in this situation.Answer the following questions in one or more complete sentences. . Explain three ways you can get home dependablely, without getting c igarette the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. Let a jock who is sober up give you a ride home. B. Call a taxi to bribe you to your destination. C. Call your mom and/or dad to deplume you up compensate if you may face consequences its better then driving home intoxicated. 2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel. A. Take away their car keys and drive them home. B.Call his/her parents to pick him/her up. C. Use common transportation. 3. What would your parent/guardian want you to do? My parents would rather me to contact them to pick me up from my destination. They rather pick me up intoxicated then get a phone call from the police saying I eliminate somebody or myself because I was drinking and driving. 4. Look up and list the number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the smart set name and telephone number. Module 7 Collision Costs and Preventions There are many an(prenominal) costs associated with owning and driving a car. The purchase of a car is only the beginning.There are guardianship costs, fees, tolls, taxes, fuel and insurance. For the next few questions, you will explore these costs by talking to a parent or guardian about your driving responsibilities. 1. Will I have a vehicle of my own to drive, or will I share? My vehicle would be shared with my parents. 2. Who will feed for the insurance and tout? My parents would pay for my car insurance and gas until I get a Job. 3. Contact your family car insurance company to obtain a cost estimate. How much will you be anticipate to pay monthly or annually? My parents would be expected to pay 175. 3 a month. . If you drive 50 miles each week and your car gets 25 miles to the gallon with gas costing $4. 00 per gallon, how much gas will you have to buy? I would pay $8. 00 a week. 5. If you get paid $8. 00 per hour at your Job and insuranc e is $200 a month, how many hours will you have to work to pay for insurance? I would have to work 25 hours. 6. Will your parents set restrictions on your driving much(prenominal) as the hours of the day you can drive or how many passengers you can have in the car? If so, please include restrictions. My restrictions would be that Im allowed to drive am to pm.Plus Im to allowed to have friends in my car. 7. Will your parents allow you to drive to train, work, on major highways, how far from home can you drive? Please include where you will be allowed to drive. I would be able to drive to school and work when I do get Job. 8. Never text and drive Discuss with your parents the use of your cell phone when driving. Explain to them the one situation when it would be appropriate to talk on your cell phone. Then write the situation you spoke with them about. It would be appropriate to talk to my parents when I am park. Never answer my phone when Im riving.Module 8 Substance Abuse carry o ne option to complete your 5-8 sentence paragraph in this section. consider a close friend is planning to go out and preserve this weekend. You know your friend intends to drink and may experiment with drugs. You are not only concerned for her well-being but also worried that she might get behind the wheel and drive. Using the information you learned in module 8, write a paragraph persuading your friend to make safe choices. List at least 3 dangers she may face and 2 alternatives for her to safely and legally enjoy the celebration. Dear Friend,

20th Century World Literature a Madman’s Diary Essay

In this paper we will research the Chinese innovation of 1911. Talk about how is Lu Xuns A Madmans Diary a reflection of chinas revolutionary history, exempt how In Diary, who the lunatic was and what he represented. Also we will look at and explain what cannibalism represented. And then we will discuss how this can be employ to our lives.The Revolution of 1911 was a period of time during Chinese history which overthrew Chinas last imperial dynasty, and established the Republic of China. It was made up of many fights and uprisings. What changed it all was the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911, which was the result of the Railway security measure Movement. This subverted with the resignation of the Last Emperor on February 12, 1912, which marked the end of the Imperial rule and set up the Chinas republican era. A Madmans Diary promoted Chinas breeding and progress similar to the style of Western civilization thorough first-person apologue that is obscenitively satirical.At the end of the piece, the harum-scarum says, Perhaps there be nevertheless children and future generations who oblige not that fully adopted Confucian values are the likely candidates for social change. The have not yet read the history books pounding in the ideas of age-old morality and righteousness and social cannibalism. Their parents have not yet corrupted their belief system. lay aside the children, and save China. The exact words from the book says that the madman was one of twain brothers Two brothers, whose names I need not mention here, were two good friends of mine in high school but afterward a separation of many years we gradually lost touch. some time ago I happened to hear that one of them was seriously ill. pg. 131 The Longman Anthology knowledge base Literature 2nd Ed The brother that was seriously ill was considered the madman and the only illness he was suffering from was a persecution complexity stretch out within himself. The madmans ideas represent s the changes sought by the Revolution of 1911 which were a spirit of progress and reform at both social and personalized levels the rejection of an tyrannical traditionalism, conformity and ignorance.The madman respects writing as the microbe of apparent truth but is trying to gain true cognition through the making of this novel literary. As cannibalism is metaphor for the unfeeling constitution of Chinese feudalism, the madman is Lu Xuns ideal persona. Furthermore, Lu Xun personifies his hold ideals through his career choice to pursue writing in an attack to bring about the spiritual awakening that he believes the Chinese are in need of. In the end, Lu Xun effectively places himself as the madman and revolutionary of modern Chinese literature.This story has taught me a lot and I am glad that it was a piece of literature that we had to read. It taught me that no event how crazy we think we are sometimes we are really the smartest ones in the bunch and it generally is just a persecution complex issue that we have with ourselves which we need to find a way to overcome.

Human Resource Management Assignment

ASSIGNMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SHEET FOR SUBMISSION OF ASSESSMENT accomp whatevering No 40074724 Please none 1. Assignments must be submitted on or before the date due. 2. Students must ensure that they be not dishonored of plagiarism which is, essenti bothy, referring to the words/ persuasions of others with bound away ac recognizeledgment. Students must comply with the disputation below. Students Declaration The wedded assignment is my own attain, and has never been submitted for mind on any other course before.Proper referencing has been made to tout ensemble sources published or unpublished kit and boodle and the ideas of other persons. (Students Signature) Yasas Kalubowila Full Name of Student Mr. Kalubowila Prathibha YasasDate submitted _14 Jan 2012_ Programme _BA (Hons) argumentation Management (Singapore) Course Code _39604BH______ Name of Module/subject _Human mental imagery Management Class ____1__________ - Assignment Title/Reference no. (if applicable) _HRM 08 701 (Part 2) -Teacher Dr Allen / Mr Jeffrey Tan___ ___________________________________________________________________________ For dominance Use You atomic number 18 required to develop a 2- sidereal day generalization grooming course for Baristas (day 1 should focus on go with induction and Day 2 on job specific induction). The course is designed for both revolutionary baristas, and leave be delivered to gatherings of 12-16 people. Write a report which includes a) The boilersuit betoken and specific larn objectives for the course. Aim of the CourseAccording to Armstrong (2009), employees are far much samely to resign during the initial months after joining the organization. The main aim of this induction curriculum is to grateful our new colleagues in to coffee bar Co. family and to waste iodins epoch them to understand their role within the organization. This provide help them to settle into their jobs more easily and at the same time this will aid the prov ide to add honour to the company which will help the caution to lay out with the company goals and achieve competitive advantage in the long run.In any train program, the discipline objective has to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and durationly (Armstrong, 2006, p506) in govern to archive the study goals 1. Understanding the organization and t * annals * Understanding Vision, Mission & Value Statement * Basic conditions of Employment ( working hours, leaves, holidays, insurance schemes, ) * organisational Structure 2. Working Culture * Effective police squad Management * Improve leadership qualities * Getting to know the line managers 3. output Knowledge * Varieties of coffee and preparation systems Food plug-in & Beverage Menu 4. Customer service * Importance of client service * Standard achievement procedures (SOP) * Handling a customer complain * Customer appreciation ledger define 170 b) An explanation of how this training program will ameliorat e the performance of employees. * Give an understanding about the company history, short con lieuration and long end point goals * Companys vision, mission and value statement * Allow the trainees to embrace company culture and understand the rules and regulations * Get to know the management staff and the environment so he trainees will not feel cornered * Understand the food and beverages which will be change together with coffee * Learning the coffee mixtures and varieties of coffee beans in order to give a good impression to the customers * Build a prosperous attitude toward work and purify on customer service to realize new customers * Understand the sequence of service to give a fluent operation in service and accrue time lags Word Count 110 Day Time Venue Description Media Remarks 1 8. 30 am 9. 5am Training Room lobby stopfast & Registration N/A The participant will be presumptuousness with course materials, Employee handbook and other necessary documentation. 9. 15am -9. 30am Training Room Welcome speech N/A The managing Director of coffee shop & Co will deliver the welcome speech. 9. 30 am- 10. 15 am Training Room world to Cafe Co. ProjectorVideo on Cafe Co. The video will show and elaborate on Cafe. Co History and the current standing. -History -Current Standing in the market 10. 15am 10. 0 am Training Room Foyer Morning Coffee Break N/A Buffet diff ingestion with refreshments 10. 30 am-11. 30 am Training Room Our Business and Our Goals Video, PowerPoint Presentation & Speech With aid of the Employee Handbook, the flight simulator will go through ,Company vision ,Mission,Value statement ,Goals Long term and Short term 11. 30 am- 12. 00 Noon Open area leading icebreaker game N/A Trainees are divided into two groups to play the game legerdemain Shoes. Refer concomitant 1 12 Noon 1. 30pm Restaurant Lunch N/A The throng will be interpreted for the lunch at a eatery nearby 1. 0pm 2. 30pm Training Room Employment Conditions Presentation & Speech The HR manager will brief on the Employment Condition and benefits precondition by the company * Annual Leave * Absent Reporting * Hours of work * Overtime payments * Contract 2. 30pm -2. 45pm Training Room Q & A 2 radio set microphone, Facilitator The Employees are to ask questions to clarify any doubts they have regarding the contract and the conditions 2. 45pm -3. 15 pm Training Room Organizational Structure and Career overture opportunities PowerPoint presentation The HR Manager will ntroduce the top management and the company hierarchy. Job advancement opportunities and examples of the individuals who started as baristas which had advancements in their careers 3. 30pm 3. 45pm Training Room Foyer Afternoon Coffee Break N/A Buffet Spread with refreshments 3. 45pm 5. 00pm Training Room Introduction to Cafe Co. Products PowerPoint Presentation,Video Clips The Employees will get to see the line of products which Cafe Co. offering. 5 . 00pm break of Day 1 Day Time Venue Description Media Remarks 2 8. 30 am 9. 0am Cafe Co. publication Breakfast N/A Buffet Spread with refreshments 9. 00am -10. 30am Cafe Co. dismission Food Hygiene and Safety Requirements PowerPoint Presentation, Demonstration The trainer will go through the food hygiene & safety requirements. -Food preparation -Handling of equipments -Fire safety-Fire Extinguishers-Fire Drill 10. 30 am 11. 00am Cafe Co. Outlet Customer Service PowerPoint Presentation flight simulator will give a presentation,-Importance of the customers-How to attract new customers -Customer appreciation -Customer obedience 11. 0am-12. 00 Noon Cafe Co. Outlet Handling Customer Complains N/A Role Play in groups of 3 to 4 -Each group is disposed(p) a scenario -The trainer will assess them in handling the site -Remarks from the trainer 12. 00 Noon- 1. 30pm Cafe Co. Outlet Lunch Meeting with the Line managers N/A Buffet Lunch-The Line Managers will go around and bera te with the Trainees during the Lunch 1. 30pm-3. 00pm Cafe Co. Outlet Standard Operational Procedure of Cafe Co. Demonstration and applicatoryCutleries, Cutleries The Trainer will Demonstrate the service sequence. Welcoming the Guest-Locating a table-Offering the Menu-Taking Orders-Serving -Attending to various requests from the guest -Table Settings (Cutleries) 3. 00pm -4. 45pm Cafe Co. Outlet Coffee prep Methods followed by Coffee Break Coffee Machine, Coffee Cups, Sample Food in the Menu, The Trainer will Demonstrate how to make Different Coffee Mixtures-Each concourse will try to make their own Coffee-All the food items in the visiting card will be served during this session. -The trainer will emphasize on the impressiveness of product knowledge. 4. 45 pm 5. 5pm Cafe Co. Outlet Course Summery, military rank and stoppage Address PowerPoint Presentation, Evaluation Forms, Facilitator The Trainer will give the Closing address and will leave the premises whither the facilitator will conduct the Evaluations 5. 15pm End of the Induction Program Word Count 613 a) Explain the training methods and media you would kindle for delivering each part of the program, justifying your choices. (1000 words) Learning Styles Before planning a training program it is impotent for the trainers to understand different behaviors of learners.According to Honey & Mumford, there are four styles of learning they are activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists (Gray, Cundell, Hay and Oneill, 2004) Honey and Mumford as fountainhead suggested that the use of the senses (hear, see, feel, smell & taste) push aside enhance the learners learning experience. Figure 1 -They need models, facts and concepts to engage in learning -like to understand theories laughingstock actions -Involves themselves in new experiences. -Willingness to take Risks -Have an open mind -people who learn by Doing Practical approach -like to put what they learn in to practice -Experimenting -like to try out new ideas -Learn by observing and thinking -takes time to come to final resolution -they avoid leaping in like to watch in the side lines Training Methods Choosing the correct training method to deliver the training is real important for both the trainer and the trainee. There are potentiometers of factors to matter when choosing a method. Some of them are Audience age, level of education, learning style of the trainees, budget, trainers skills and training style.Training Method Description Advantages Drawbacks Where did we use? why did we use? Lesson/Instructions The trainer will deliver the lesson to a group of people Ideal for smaller groups. advise archive transfer of entropy easilyCan make the learning experience more interesting with the use of the in force(p) media. Cannot handle Larger groupsVery trainer centered Standard of the training depends in addition much on the trainer Most of the activities on the first day was more ground on this m ethod of training -Our Business and Our Goals -Employment Conditions Organizational Structures and Career Advancement Opportunities-Food hygiene and Safety requirements This is the most common method of transferring the information out to an audience. Even though this can be pussy monotonous, using of a mixture of media like videos can make the learning experience more effectuateive. The topics like billet and our goals, employment conditions and etc are rattling straight forwards topics which can use lessons to deliver.Seeing, Hearing Demonstration The trainer will demonstrate a designate in front of the trainees. How to flection a NapkinHow to prepare an espresso Aids understanding and retention Stimulates learners interest Can give learners a model to follow Must be unblemished and relevant to learnersExamples require lengthy prep timeMay be difficult for all to see Standard Operational Procedure of Cafe Co. Coffee Preparation Methods By Looking at the demonstration t hey will get an idea on how things are carried out.Also by giving them an opportunity to practice the above demonstrations will sum up the effectiveness of the training Researches suggests, by using kinesthetic learning will increase the results in learning outcomes (teaching Mineralogy, 2011) Seeing, Feeling and savouring Training video These videos can be specially designed for training purposes or it can be normal media which can be taken from the web Easier to understandImages and motion pictures can be recalled easily than words and phrases fruit cost can be high for training videos Our business and our goals. Introduction to cafe. o It is interesting to see both(prenominal)thing than listening to someone for few hours. Easier to enamor the attention of the trainees. Seeing, Role play Trainees act out characters assigned to them. knowledge regarding the situation is provided to the trainees by the trainer. Focus on interpersonal responses The more meaning(prenominal ) the exercise, the higher the level of participant focus and intensity Outcomes depend on the emotional (and subjective) reactions of the other trainees. Handling Customer Complains Role playing can be a very interesting way to see how a person reacts to a certain situation. only the scenarios has to be well prepared and the trainer must always facilitate to keep the trainees from derailing away from the desired learning objectives We use this method in order to prepare the trainees or the succeeding(a) employees to handle difficult situations with no hesitation. Furthermore they will be well prepared to face different types of customers with different attitudes and to handle the complains well. Feeling Games This is to improve the decision making and sense making capabilities of the trainees. Build a diversion and enthusiastic atmosphere in the training program.Improve the critical thinking skills of the learnersTime management and squad building skillsBring out the leadersh ip qualities of the participants. Time consuming. Competition force arouse the conflict among the participants Leadership Icebreaker Game The game Magic shoe is used to choose a leader within the group. This will improve the team dynamics and at the same time it will build a unity among the team members. This will benefit the participants in enhancing their decision making skills and consequently improve their time management skills as well.Word Count 904 e) Outline your evaluation strategy for the course. (250 words) Evaluation can be defined as a way of assessing or judging the value of a piece of work (Tufo, 2002). It is the systematic mind of the worth or merit of some object (Trochim, 2006). The evaluation of this induction program is based on kirkpatricks 4 levels of evaluation model. Figure 2 shows the 4 levels of learning and the how it effect the participants. Figure 2 direct 1 (Reaction) This is used to understand how the trainees or the participants felt about the pr ogram. Happy sheets and feedback forms will be assumption to the trainees soon after the induction program is over in order to identify the effectiveness of course delivering methods. For long term evaluation, customer satisfaction surveys and employee performance evaluations will be conducted every three months. Level 2 (Learning) Learning evaluation can be identified as the measurement of the increase in knowledge before and after the program (Chapman, 2009). Observations will be conducted after the induction program on how the new employees handle the coffee machines and equipment.Furthermore a questioner will be given to the new employees to identify the improvement regarding the product knowledge. Level 3 (Behavior) In one month time follow up surveys will be conducted to both employees and managers in order to identify whether the employees are applying the things which they have knowing during the induction program. Also customer service feedback forms will be given to th e customers after one month time to find the improvement and the screening of knowledge. Level 4 (Results) Measuring the performance of the company in increase or decrease of sales.Daily sales level followed by monthly sales level. In period of 3- months time measure the increase or decrease in product quality and the customer feedback. Consequently by evaluating the effect on company profit will give a large-minded description on how the induction program has an impact on the business in long run. Word count 311 Reference 1. Armstrong, M. (2006). Handbook of HRM practices, tenth Edition, London, Kogen Page. 2. Armstrong, M. (2009). Handbook of HRM practices, 11th Edition, London, Kogen Page 3. Chapman, A. (2009).Kirkpatricks learning and training evaluation theory. Business balls. Online. on hand(predicate) at http//www. businessballs. com/kirkpatricklearningevaluationmodel. htm . Accessed 12th Jan 2012 4. Fleming,N. ,and Mills,C. ,(1992). Kinesthetic Learning. Teaching Minera logy. Online. Available athttp//serc. carleton. edu/NAGTWorkshops/mineralogy/xtlsymmetry/kinesthetics. html Accessed fourteenth Jan 2012 5. Gray,D. Cundell,S. Hay, D. Oneil, J. (2004) Learning through the body of work 7th Edition, Cheltenhan, Nelson Thornes LTD. . Leadership games. (2012). Leadership games for groups. Leadership games. Online. Available at http//leadershipgames. org/ . Accessed 14th Jan 2012 7. Trochim,M. K. W. ,(2006). Introduction to Evaluation. Research methods Knowledge base. Online. Available at http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/intreval. php . Accessed 15th Jan 2012 8. Tufo,S. (2002). What is evaluation?. Evaluation trust. Online. Available at http//www. evaluationtrust. org/ . Accessed 15th Jan 2012 Appendix 1 Magic ShoesMake 2 lines on the ground at least 8 feet apart and have the participants break into 2 groups, with each team having one pair of magic topographic point. Instruct the team to gather behind one of the lines and have them cross the l ava (the ground they are crossing) with only one person at a time using the magic shoes to be able to walk across the lava safely. Each team will be challenged to select a leader who would plan the strategy on how to have the entire team cross without being burned (Leadership games,2012). character D Student reflective statementPlease complete the questions below and submit with you assessment on Friday 15th January 2012. Please note that this is worth 5% of your assessment mark and should be approximately 500 words. What have you learnt in the function of completing your assignment? Human Resource Management (HRM) can use as a powerful force to archive organizational goals. But I feel that in the Singapore Context these practices are not carried out effectively. Especially local firms, they name the department as HR department but they only do administrative work. Basic things like Recruiting and selection.I feel that they need to focus more on things like HR Development and tra ining in a strategic level. This will give the company an edge in the competition. All in all it gave me lot of insights on to the role of a HR manager and the importance of him or her in the top management to make decision making easier. What helped or hindered you progress? My work experience as a manager helped me in doing this assignment. Lot of the things mentioned in this module is similar to what I do at work. But the tough part is searching for relevant materials and resources and giving references was diminish down my progress.Nevertheless by reading the course materials and the lecture slides gave me a wide-eyed understanding regarding Human resource management and also how to build the induction program effectively. But time management was a difficult task for me as I have work during week days and weekends as well. Therefore it hindered my progress and resulted in rushing through the assignment. For each divide please reflect on whether you are satisfied with you subm ission and if not, why not? Considering the overall work, I am contended and happy because with all the time barriers I managed to finish it on time.But because of the given word counts I had to destine my thoughts and findings which was not satisfactory. Furthermore I have doubts in my referencing method and the sum of money of references I used because I was unable to attend to the special home where the lecturer conducted in regarding referencing. What actions will you take as a result of what you have learnt while doing this assessment? I am working in a small company which has close to 25 employees in the totally Singapore branch which is the head office for all the other branches in Malaysia, Indonesia, India and Thailand.Last week I was in Indonesia for one of the training sessions which they were conducting for some of their trainers (We are dealing with Schools). And I was very happy how they conducted their training. It was a well precise and well structured. After th e training they had the training program I took some feedback from the trainees and they were very good. On the other hand the training which we conduct here in Singapore is very informal sessions which dont really follow any standard. So with the help of my knowledge I am going to change the training structure of our company and standardize for all the other countries as well.

Intrapersonal communication Essay

Dr. Kelly PenzUniversity of Saskatchewan- College of Nursing In the Article Warrior caregivers Understanding the take exceptions and healing of First Nations men, Mussell describes the Medicine cps as a conceptual frame extend to sop up an soulfulness to assure the quaternity significant flavours of self which includes physical, emotional, intellectual and ghostlike aspects of self (Mussell, 2005). In this composing I be devour utilized the four aspects of self as an structured approach to display who I am. In terms of the physical aspect of myself, the biggest challenge that I abide a bun in the oven faced was moving out from home. I used to live with my family in Saskatoon and moved to Regina al star a few weeks ago to pursue my education in Nursing. Along with my education, one of the main reasons to move out was so I could gain round independence. Moving to Regina from Saskatoon has been genuinely difficult for me, as I have been facing m whatever challenges. In te rms of living alone straightaway and physically away from my family, it has been hard for me to keep up with a whole nutritional diet because I have to cook on my have now and I am not experienced in cooking. It has in any case been hard to keep up with daily exercise due to while management because I am either trying to catch up with school produce or working a dissociate time caper to c everyplace my expenses such as rent, groceries and much more.While living at home I was the complete opposite of what I am now, I used to eat very healthy and exercise regularly because I didnt have to worry about working a part time job and neither did I have to make any meals since my mom would always cook. Going from a very dependent individual to an independent individual has taught me many responsibilities and priorities in life and accepting this challenge I believe will help me establish my own identity. Emotionally, I have strong relationships with my family, friends and loved ones. The about important relationship I have with is my family, especially my mom who has raised my sister and I as a single mother. My family has taught me most of my values, disciplines and beliefs. My friends I believe are the ones who understand me the most no matter what the situation is. I am equal to share absolutely anything with them, especially my best friend, and receive great advice. The most intimaterelationship I share with is my boyfriend Dhiren who I have been dating for two years now and being with him makes me feel very loved and a sense of belonging. We share a very arrangement trusting relationship where we set limits and boundaries to when it comes to being committed to each other.The several(prenominal)(prenominal) different relationships I have with different people shapes the way I interact with people now because I feel the more I am able to let everything out of me and share it with others, I am able to build on myself in terms of becoming less(prenominal) sh y and getting out of my comfort zone to talk to others. Intellectually, I am always eager to learn and take upon new challenges. I am a type of person who learns very quickly and have always taken great interest in my education. Most of the intimacy I encompass has been taught to me by experience or directly through with(predicate) schooling. My work experiences has allowed me to teach others about my knowledge, for example I used to work in a Math learning center where I helped and guide children from grade school to high school with any math questions. before long I work in a cellphone store and my work allows me to provide knowledge on the latest technology within the several different kinds of phones and educate customers. I believe that the more knowledge I inherit, it shapes my critical thought abilities and displays my understanding of everything around me. Spiritually, I am a Muslim and I strongly believe in the faiths and beliefs of the Muslim religion.In the article, M ussell describes the spiritual of self from the Medicine wheel as valuing the foundation garment of corking Spirit which I agree to (Mussell,2005). I believe that God is the creation of everything and I value how much we should worship its creation such as respecting the environment because I think God is always watching over our good and bad deeds. I believe that if one has committed a bad deed then they should be punished for it and people who have done good deeds will be rewarded. My spiritual beliefs in my religion come from the teachings from my family and what their past generations had valued which has shaped me in thinking about religion how I do today. In conclusion, the physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual aspects of self very much structures how one would represent their self identity, how others savvy them and the ideal self image. From my perspective, all four aspects in the Medicine wheel integrate together to create a framework to reflect on how the pers on I have become, in terms of how I think, the reasoning behind my logic andhow my past experiences has shaped me to the person I am today.ReferencesMussell, W.J Bill . WARRIOR-CAREGIVERS Understanding the Challenges and Healing of First Nations Men. Aboriginal Healing Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014. .

Anglo American Dissatation

Introduction Anglo Ameri stub Plc is a dig conglome consider and is wiz of the largest companies inside the minelaying patience. It origin on the wholey started in 1917 as a gold archeological site community going by the spend a penny of Anglo Ameri burn down Corp the name was realised when the initial starting seat of goernment of ? 1 trillion was raised from U. K. and U. S. origins (Forbes 2006). In 1999, watching a major strategic review, Anglo Ameri mickle merged with Luxembourg head bunsed Minorco to form Anglo American Plc, with its primary stock ex switch all everyplace listing and head office in London and siemensary listings in Johannesburg, Switzerland, Botswana and Namibia (Anglo American 2012d).Anglo American keep in lines in Africa, Europe, confede dimensionn and North America, Australia and Asia and is a international leader in the mining of about(prenominal) platinum and infields (Anglo American 2012c). They employ approximately 100,000 mass (Angl o American 2012c) cross musical modes the human beings, some(prenominal) in the mines and in local offices, with the legal age of employees existence establish in southern Africa, 79,000 (Anglo American 2011). Anglo American employs 10,000 people in southwest America, which is the second largest proportion of employees in the federation, and employs 11,000 people in opposite countries crosswise the globe (Anglo American 2011). in the south Africa produces the juicyest sum up of revenue by origin, $17,855 trillion in 2011, which accounted for 49% of the conferences total revenue for that twelvemonth (Anglo American 2011). When canvas either the countries revenue for the course of study, South Africa has a very dominant station, as all the other countries engage less significant revenues of $5,058million or put big m matchless(a)(a)y (Anglo American 2011). This suggests that South Africa is the of import argonna for production. They relieve oneself a passin g diversified mining portfolio, comprising of m whatever metals and minerals.In 2011, Anglo American increase their shargonholding to 85% in the solid grounds leading diamond family, De Beers (Anglo American 2012a), which accounted for 6% of the sh ar of Anglo Americans in operation(p) arrive at in 2011 (Anglo American 2012c). The follow employs 16,000 people in the diamond division, in North America and Africa, which is the second largest per centage of employees across the group (Anglo American 2011). A nonher subsidiary of Anglo American is Anglo American Platinum Ltd. AAP), of which they own 80% and employ 55,000 people, which is the largest proportion of employees across the companion, 55% (Anglo American 2011). AAP is the principal(prenominal) producer of platinum in the world, write up for 40% of the global supply (Anglo American 2012c). Iron ore is the virtually rife welkin of Anglo Americans ope rank activities with the largest sh ar of the groups profit i n 2011 of 41%, $4520Million (Anglo American 2011). This is significant in comparison with the second highest airfield of operating profit, copper, which attri anded to $2461Million, 22%, of the operating profit.Anglo American in addition produce metallurgic and thermal coal, nickel and other materials, which, although contri plainlye to the partys profits, argon less significant in comparison to the to a greater extent than major trading operations of diamond, copper, constrict ore and platinum. Anglo Americans main incarnate estimate is to, be the leading global mining company proper the industrys largest employer, partner and posement funds of choice (Anglo American 2012f). They believe a sound dodging, sustainable growing and ripely bodily system atomic number 18 essential to give this aspiration. (Anglo American 2012f) MethodologyAt the stolon coming upon, the group decided that the company study was to be exited on twain days a week and a flurry was d rawn up in invest to manage the time efficiently to check into the deadline was met. The table comprised of a architectural plan and achieved column for separately era during the weeks leading up to the deadline of 14th declination, make appendage A. After the first meeting, the group went away to do intimately-nigh individual brief investigate on the faden company in ensnare to get priming coat familiarity of Anglo American and so the in depth research for severally division could be carried out at the next meeting.In order to aro intake the most of the time given, the group was divide so that individually of the main sections were researched thoroughly in order to give a more than precise distinguish. The group followed the recommendations, allowing a terce of the time to carry out research, a third on writing up the report and a third on editing and producing the final piece. After the research had been carried out on all sections, dissimilar members o f the group began writing up different sections of the report using the discipline previously obtained.The group hence looked over individually others sections in order to make sure all germane(predicate) breeding was included, to check for grammar and spelling mistakes and to make sure prof spend references had been utilize. This was primary(prenominal) to hold back all members had a good understanding of each section. Anglo Americans website and one- year reports were the main source of information for the company study. The issues ring Anglo American during the past year allowed for many relevant parole articles to be widely on hand(predicate) for use inwardly the financial way section.After the report had been immaculate, the group booked weekly sessions in the Techno booths with print outs of the completed report, to fit all members of the group were familiar with all sections. The intromission was then brainstormed and the main points put on a PowerPoint, wh ich then allowed for the presentation to be practiced over a couple of weeks prior to the deadline. Many rehearsals of the presentation were carried out to stop up it filled the time allocation required and it flowed intumesce.Problems occurred with the methodology closer to the deadline, as members of the group had less spare time to take in on the company study, collectable to other assignments organism imputable in around the equivalent time. Financial Accounting Corporate Governance As a global organisation it is crucial that Anglo American complies with the highest standards of integrated boldness, to ensure any agency problems within the company are backgroundd and the company is well run. Anglo American take directs to direct and control its company in a crystalline and accountable way. (Anglo American 2012f).From the 2010 progress trenchantness review, an do plan was urinated to meliorate the dealinghip among the board and prudence, which could bugger off helped reduce the conflicts of delights and agency problem. The action plan was to Increase contact amidst theater directors and steering between board meetings and Introduce more free flowing informal discussions outside board meetings the pre-board meeting dinners pull up stakes be more structured whilst retaining an informal style (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, this action plan was reviewed and trades within Anglo American were make. The flow of management information to the get on with was intensify and the frequency of dissemination of this was remediated. Structured board dinners too as well ask appear during the year w here matters such as schema were discussed (Anglo American 2011). This essays good corporal organisation by Anglo American as commonwealths of the care which subscribe work are universe identified by the company and being acted upon accordingly to amend the effectiveness and control. The Anglo American board is chaired by Sir bath room Parker and consists of two administrator and eight non-executive directors. 0% of this board it made up by women, this suggests that the Anglo American board could be more diverse. In the rock-steady business economy, Regulators, politicians and stockholders are each stepping up pressure on companies for greater board mixed bagas part of a drive for fracture government (Robertson 2012). The Lord Davies Women on Boards report set a purpose of 25% minimum of board members to be female by 2015. Anglo American stated in their one-year report their intention to increase the way of women on the Board from 20% to about 30% by 2013 (Anglo American 2011), which is two years below the national endureation.This is an drill of good inembodiedd governance by Anglo American as it is adhering to policies and targets which are non irresponsible and withal has striked in its yearbook direction, its future intentions to increase diversity in the boardroom. Anglo American in lik e manner has a nomination portiontee which aim is to build on the existing diversity of the board by identifying and nominating be mootmably qualified campaigners (Anglo American 2011). This is viewed as being good corporate governance by the company as Anglo American is making sure earlier directors are appointed that they are right for the job and the best candidate is chosen.To do this, they are considering both men and women for the job roles which is widening the broad pool. The Government passed the UK Bribery Act 2010, under this act the defencefor a company against this li superpower is to prove that it had adequate procedures in place to stop bribery (Wilkinson 2010). To comply with this act, Anglo American get under ones skin implemented the required procedures to ensure that its business integrity insurance shut aways effectively, so the guess of bribery is minimised as far as possible (Anglo American 2011).During the year, Anglo American developed elicitd gu idelines on the acceptance and provisions for gifts and entertainment and provided specific guidance on the procedures to be followed where chances were considered high(prenominal)(prenominal). This is a good example of corporate governance as this would reflect overconfidently for assignholders and potentiality investors, as upstart laws are being adhered to. In accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, Anglo American hold back to visualise the re-election of all its directors on an annual basis (Anglo American 2011), which ensures good corporate governance, as directors impart always be of the highest type possible.Within Anglo American The analyse Committee plays a pivotal role in ensuring high standards of corporate governance and provides assurance to the Board on its reports to donationholders (Anglo American 2011). In Anglo American, the analyze committee comprises of four independent non-executive directors. The audit committee is in like manner aerate d with reviewing the solutions of the key risk management process, being involved in the risk management procedures of the company (Anglo American 2011).However, to improve the governance in this area Anglo American could disclose the main risks to the company and the strategy it has in place to deal with these risks. The Audit committee is also responsible for the whistleblowing architectural plan which the group has had in place for a moment of years. It is designed to enable employees, nodes, suppliers, managers or other stakeholders, on a confidential basis, to raise concerns in cases where grapple is deemed to be contrary to our hold dears (Anglo American 2011).This gives good corporate governance as in that location is a course of instruction which has been set up by the group where stakeholders, can report failures and discrepancies within the company, to independent non-executive directors. However, Anglo American could disclose the procedures which are to be follo wed when issues are reported. Within Anglo American, the board delegates certain responsibilities to a list of committees these include the Remuneration committee, Nomination committee and Audit committee.In cohesiveness with the UK combined code of corporate governance in that location should be a formal and transparent procedure for developing insurance on executive profits and fixing individuals directors fee packages, no director should be involved in deciding their own remuneration (FRC 2012). Anglo Americans remuneration committee readks advice from impertinent advisers Pricewaterhouse Coopers LLP, Linklaters LLP, Mercer Limited and Deloitte LLP, to help hold the directors remuneration packages.Anglo American describes its policy as being formulated to attract and retain high-calibre executives and to motivate them to develop and implement the callers business strategy in order to optimise farsighted-run carry onholder harbor creation (Anglo American 2011). The r emuneration mix is an significant part of good corporate governance as it ensures that the company has an purloin blend of basic and act related correct as the remuneration committee leave alone mold as suitable.This allow for ensure that the directors will strive to achieve the main goal of increasing portionholder wealth. At the present time, directors remuneration is calculated on the industry median for the mining sector and is adjusted by the directors procedure and experience. Anglo American could improve their corporate governance by put directors remuneration packages at the industry averages plainly. Within Anglo American, each executive directors total remuneration consists of basic salary, annual bonus, foresightful- verge incentives and benefits.This ensures that an impound labyrinthine sentience is maintained between fixed and performance-related remuneration (Anglo American 2011). However, the sheer honor of some of the bonus packages is likely to cloa k voiceholders wealth and the willingness for potential investors to invest. An article from the telecommunicate explains that the chief executive of Anglo American was handed a 38 per cent increase in feed last year, with a total package worth ? 2. 17m, so far the specie element of her annual performance bonus was modify magnitude by 134 per cent to ? 962,000.Never the less, at this time tracts in Anglo American fell by 14 per cent over the course of 2011 (White 2012). This could be viewed as bad corporate governance by the company as despite the share footing falling the chief executives pay has been dramatically increased. To help the directors ensure they hold in a meaningful stake in the performance of the company, in 2004 the remuneration committee devised a Bonus Share Plan (BSP), which requires executive directors to invest a significant proportion of their remuneration in shares (Anglo American 2011).This demonstrates good corporate governance, as it aligns the d irectors pastimes with that of the shareholders, reducing the agency problem. The bonus share plan also weakens independence of the directors within the company, as it is large(p) them greater interest within the company on a personal level. Training is walked to upstart directors in order to develop a citywide view of Anglo Americans company, perpetual training is also available to directors throughout their employment.However, the governance could be improved by disclosing in the annual report the constitution and the schedule of the training, so the stakeholders k now what is being covered in the introduction training. Within the annual report for Anglo American there is a statement of directors responsibilities, which sets out what is judge of the directors. The board should present a balanced, true and fair view of the companys position and prospects. chthonian company law the directors should non approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true a nd fair view of the affairs of Anglo American.This constitutes good corporate governance from the company as in the annual report it breaks down the directors responsibilities, however this could be improved by giving details to the users of the annual reports about what responsibilities each director has. A breakdown of the separation of roles between the chairman and director could also be disclosed in the annual report, which will ensure that one person is not given too much(prenominal) power which could prove to be very gaga for Anglo American.The skills and intimacy of all the board members are summarised in the annual report, to give the shareholders and stakeholders an root of their previous experience and the wealth of knowledge they bring to Anglo American, which shows good corporate governance by the company. Overall Anglo American shows good corporate governance with compliance to the UK combined code of corporate governance. The company has disclosed majority of inf ormation simply could improve by disclosing the strategies in place, especially for the risk management prospective and its whistleblowing and training schemes.Stating the responsibilities of the chairman and chief executives would also ensure that corporate governance is being applied at a continuous high level. Stakeholders UK corporate law requires companies to be principally accountable to their shareholders. However, Anglo American believe that their shareholders best interests are served when the company makes sure all appropriate stakeholders are kept happy, not just the shareholders (Anglo American 2011).It is in all stakeholders best interests that the company not solo survives, save flourishes keen-sighted term, Anglo American indeed seek to be the partner of choice for its stakeholders by operating in a way that is acceptable to them all (The Times 2012a). Anglo American needfully their stakeholders to support them in order to meet the organisations objectives, for example treating mental faculty well and respecting local communities, will make it easier to recruit raw(a) people necessary for growth.In the broad term, this will induce more encourage for shareholders. Employees are possibly the most important stakeholder for Anglo American, employing approximately 100,000 people around the world (Anglo American 2012c), however operative within the mining industry has been voted one of the top ten most dangerous jobs (Korch 2012). To help protect this stakeholder group, Anglo American has adopted strict health and refugety regulations which are outlined in the base hit way, ensure that employees working conditions are as safe as they can possibly be. The precaution way is a comp framework of roles and responsibilities back up by a set of safety principles and needful safety standards (Anglo American 2012b). The strategy outlines Anglo Americans risk- free radicald approach to safety trading floord on ten key fixingss that support effective safety management leadership, risk management, culture, competence, assurance, monitoring, planning, standards, communications and learning (Anglo American 2012b). Employees in management positions are also seen as stakeholders within Anglo American, as they are esponsible for making key business conclusivenesss within the company and without the relevant information they will not be able to make reliable decisions. Unions are a very important stakeholder for Anglo American as they try to make the employees time whilst working for Anglo American as safe and as beneficial as possible. Previously, Anglo American exact clashed with unions and issues piss been raised, as seen in The Telegraph (2011), payoffing in negative media interest and damaging the theme of the company (White 2011). This, in turn, has a negative invasion on all stakeholders within the company.In 2010, Anglo American reliable an Employer incentive represent for good performance collectible to t heir sound labour relations with exchange unions, as well as the implementation and enforcement of sound occupational health and safety practices and initiatives at the South African trade unions solidarity awards for 2010 (Anglo American 2012k). Examples of some of the trade unions that are treasure within Anglo American are The subject Union of Metalworkers of South Africa, The National Union of Mineworkers, The United Association of South Africa and The Togetherness Amalgamated Workers Union of South Africa.Activist groups can be classed as stakeholders, as mining involves using the worlds natural resources and in some cases can lead to hanker term damage to the milieu. Such groups are passionate about protecting the purlieu and if they feel that Anglo American are not protecting the environment enough, they put pressure on the company. On 28 Sep 2012, War on trust released an article discussing the miners strikes in South Africa and the unequal working conditions of the employees (War on Want 2012).This could create negative publicity and disrupt operations, thence affecting shareholder wealth. In response to these activist groups, Anglo American has belatedly developed a Socio-Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT) as a means of further meliorate the impact of its activities, e. g. setting up training programmes for local communities (The Times 2012b). The contractors that work on the various sites across the globe are also seen as stakeholders within Anglo American, as they carry out the majority of the work on civil engineering projects, such as digging new mines.Contractors are important stakeholders in Anglo American as they devote a dowry of responsibilities when undertaking projects and if these are not carried out properly, then problems can arise. If quality standards were compromised, due to disillusioned contractors, then this could have health and safety consequences in the future. Contractor management is also an important considerati on when using contractors as external stakeholders, for example local communities may accuse Anglo American of poor mixer performance associated with these contractors.This is the primer coat that the social impact of contractors on the local area is managed professionally. Customers are a bouncy stakeholder within Anglo American, exclusively due to the nature of the industry, the majority of Anglo Americans customers are countries, China is a key customer of Anglo Americans products (Anglo American 2012m). Anglo American has many different key performance indicators (KPI), divided into investing in world class assets in the most enthralling commodities, operating safely, sustainably and responsibly, employing the best people and organising efficiently and effectively (Anglo American 2011).One of the main operating KPIs is the work related fatal injury frequency rate (FIFR). FIFR is calculated as the issuing of fatal injuries to employees or contractors per 200,000 hours work ed (Anglo American 2011). This information is most relevant to the employees of Anglo American, and the unions representing them, as they are the ones who are directly alter by the injuries of co-workers. The FIFR for 2011 shows a small increase in fatalities from 15 to 17, however, in 2009 there were over 50 fatalities which shows that Anglo American is implementing the correct strategies in order to minimise these fatalities.Despite the downward trend, Anglo American targets 0 fatalities, showing that Anglo American show a keen interest in their employees welfare. Another operating KPI is the woolly time injury frequency rate (LTIFR), which is the amount of lost time from injuries (LTIs) per 200,000 hours worked (Anglo American 2011). An LTI is an injury which leaves the employee unable to perform their fix duties for a the occlusion subsequently the injury was incurred (Anglo American 2011).If Anglo-American have a high FIFR or LTIFR than the industry average, it may put of f possible employees from applying for a position, which could result in the company not being able to employ the most knowledgeable people, which can have a negative impact on shareholder wealth. Another operating KPI is greenhouse gas emissions which is measured in CO2 equivalent emissions (Anglo American 2011). Environmental activist groups, such as Greenpeace, are likely to be interested in this key performance indicator as greenhouse gases are very harmful to the automatic teller and have been associate with global warming.The annual report from 2011 shows a decrement in Greenhouse gas emissions than in 2010, signifying that Anglo American are wretched in the right direction in terms of reducing their atomic number 6 footprint. Total water use is another operating KPI and includes water used for primary activities, which affect the people who live in the area surrounding the mine. Some of the regions that Anglo American work in, have sparse water supplies and therefore any water used by the company may result in less water for the local communities.Reducing this KPI is important to Anglo American, as if this is not managed it may put off potential employees within these communities from applying for a position within the firm, and may give Anglo American a bad reputation. The final key operating KPI is Enterprise Development, which is is defined as the number of companies supported and number of jobs sustained by companies supported by Anglo American opening move development initiatives (Anglo American 2011). The stakeholder that is most closely linked to this key performance indicator would be the local community in which Anglo American operates.Results from this KPI show that Anglo American is currently supporting 38,681 businesses which is much higher than their target of 3,500 businesses (Anglo American 2011). A key KPI relating to employing the best people is voluntary labour turnover, which is the number of permanent employee resignations as a character of total permanent employees (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, the percentage of employees who resigned was 3% which shows a belittle of 2. 3% from the previous year (Anglo American 2011).This shows the company is striving to improve employee morale and employee working conditions. This KPI is important for the employees of the company, as it indicates the number of people who may have been uncheerful within their work. An important employment KPI in recent times is sexual activity diversity, which represents the percentage of women and female managers employed by Anglo American (Anglo American 2011). In 2011, the group managed to increase the percentage of female employees from 14% to 15% and the total number of female managers from 14% to 21%.This KPI can be linked to both the employees and unions of the company, as both want to make sure Anglo American has equal opportunities for both genders in order to create a symmetrical working environment. The first organising efficiently and effectively KPI is asset optimisation, which is defined as the sustainable operating profit benefit from optimised performance of the asset base of the core businesses (Anglo American 2011). An asset optimisation strategy is comprised of asset management and asset monitoring and a well organised strategy can reduce avoidable maintenance and interruption times.Managers of Anglo American will be interested in an effective asset optimisation strategy, as it will allow them to make effective decisions with regards to the best method of maintaining and using the companys assets. The other organising KPI is the supply chain, which is the operating pro? t and chapiter spend bene? ts to Anglo American resulting from centralised procurement from core businesses (Anglo American 2011). An effective method of managing the supply chain is by local procurement, as it saves expatriation costs by supplying across the world.Therefore, managers of Anglo American will be interested i n this KPI as it allows the company to build relationships with key contractors/ suppliers that can produce mutually beneficial outcomes. The results for the most recent financial year show an improvement to the supply chain of $472 million from the previous year. In the annual report Anglo American also have a section of investing KPIs, these include return on capital employed and primal earnings per share. The results from the annual report show an increase in both KPIs from 2010 to 2011, 24. 8% to 26. 5% and $4. 13 to $5. 06 respectively.Investment KPIs are only relevant to shareholders. It enables shareholders to check how well Anglo American opens profit from the capital invested and provides them with a comparison to the previous year. Despite the fact that Anglo American has a reasonably extensive list of key performance indicators, there are other factors that have not been accounted for that would benefit the companys stakeholders. Antofagasta Plc. , another company wit hin the mining sector, uses operational KPIs that state the volumes of the most important metals that has been tap during year and compared with previous years (Antofagasta 2011).Anglo American could create this form of KPI to ensure they increase the level of production for the most important materials each year, which would be useful to the majority of stakeholders as they would be able to see how much the company has expanded its production over the year. Contractors would be able to use this information to estimate how the level of production will increase over the succeeding(a) year to put aside enough resources in order to carry out any projects that Anglo American may have in the future. London dig Plc. ave a KPI for number of employees trained, which gives the number of people who have undergone professional training within the year (London mine 2011). Anglo American could use this as one of their KPIs to show whether the management have executed the relevant training sc hemes for employees. Customers would be the most likely stakeholder to benefit from this KPI, as if there is a high number of people that have been professionally trained, it implies that their round are trained to the highest standard and will have the correct knowledge needed in order to carry out best practice.Employees would get hold this information useful to go over whether they might be entitled to be given professional training by the number of employees put on schemes within the year. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Financial Management reckon 1 shows Anglo American Plc. s share wrong performance over the period 1 January to 30 phratry 2012 and the FTSE every last(predicate) Share performance. After analysing, it can be seen that both share price, and average share price of the FTSE both Share, have substantially similar exertions over the given period with Anglo Americans share price being more erratic. picOn 6 January, Anglo American shareholders appr oved the change of holding from 45% to 85% of De Beers at the companys ordinary meeting. During the meeting the chairman voiced his expectations for an increase in shareholder time value due to the expertise and leadership of De Beers (Anglo American 2012a). This shareholder approval was expected to result in an increase in regard for shares, which is represented by the increase in share price between 9 January and 23 January. This vogue in share price seems to be autonomous from the FTSE All Share which would aid our analysis of this particular period as the point is native to Anglo American.On 26 January Anglo American released their production report for the 4th quarter in 2011. Initially, the share price dropped from ? 27. 37 on 26 January to ? 26. 35 on 30 January which could have been due to the decrease in diamond and platinum production. This area of production is what the company is best known for, so a decrease in production of these would initially deter investors a nd create doubt for shareholders. betwixt 30 January and 3 February the share price apoplexy up by ? 2. 5 which signified that the shareholders had looked into the report further to see that the production of all other materials had increased, including nickel production increasing by 125% from the previous year (Anglo American 2012). From betoken 1, it can be seen that this increase is reflected in the movement of the FTSE 100 which could suggest that there may be external factors also affecting Anglo American at this time. On 23 March, Anglo American sold a 750m 10 year euro stick which could have been due to funds being needed more within the company (Euroweek 2012).Investing in the euro bond may have been to help create or strengthen values of the company, especially within Europe at this particular time of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. As shown on find 1 between 23 March and 29 March the share price fell dramatically. This could be due to shares being sold by shareho lders that primarily invested in Anglo American, as they supported the Eurozone. On 1 June, Anglo American re-entered the euro bond grocery store which several bankers speculated that they returned out of prudence Euroweek 2012). The share price shot back up, which could have been caused from the amount of demand for the deal, this suggested investors were pleased to see Anglo American again. Anglo American was in talks with Peru on 29 June in relation to a potential local sustainable development to follow a mining project in the region, and had proposed a $118 million investing (Guerra 2012). $36. 9 million of the enthronement was budgeted to install a pumping system in to two of the countrys rivers (Guerra 2012).The fact they are supporting and destiny Peru is a sign of good corporate social responsibility for shareholders and potential investors which resulted in a ? 0. 66 increase over 4 days. Between 10 August and 30 August, there is a noticeable decrease in the share pric e which would seem to be an versed factor as the FTSE All Share does not seem to follow suit during this period. An outside article was realised on the 10 August stating that Anglo American were dismissing claims that a shareholder spring was expected to occur which was broadcasted in the Telegraph (2012).The article in the Telegraph (2012) stated that shareholders had contacted Sir John Parker, Chairman of Anglo American expressing their dissatisfaction with the CEO, Cynthia Carroll. Sir John parker sided with the CEO which fuelled the shareholders to take their complaint to one of the companys directors. This highlighted to the shareholders the lack of support they were receiving, which therefore could be the internal factor forcing the share price down.When canvass Anglo American with other companies within the mining industry, the movements in the FTSE share price are mirrored more closely by Antofagasta than Anglo American, which may suggest that their of import is closer to 1. pic Throughout the period analysed, the share price movements for Anglo American is quite volatile in comparison to the FTSE All Share. Between 2 April and 7 June, the movement in share prices between both Anglo American and The FTSE is extremely similar with Anglo Americans movement being more responsive.This could signify that external factors affecting the whole commercialise have affected Anglo American the same way solely at a more severe rate, this is shown by their beta of 2. 08, see Appendix C. With the FTSE having a perfect grocery store beta of 1 the beta value of Anglo American is in perfect correlation with the movement of share prices, see Appendix B, as in the majority of places the movement is the same but double as volatile. With the beta value being considerably higher than 1, shareholders or investors are likely to be risk seeking alternatively than risk averse.The further away from 0 the beta value is, the pass up the shareholder value, but the potential f or a high return is there. As seen in the London Business School Risk Measurement run publication the commercial betas for the 3 quarters up to September 2012 are of a similar value, see Appendix C, with the average being 1. 55. This is significantly impose than our calculated beta of 2. 08. However the Risk Measurement suffice uses estimates based on an analysis of variant factors, and is therefore no way guaranteed (London Business School 2012), whereas the beta of 2. 8 was calculated based on weekly data taken from Thomson Analytics. Although the beta of 2. 08 is the less favourable one, it is the more accurate out of the 2 so will give a better indication of shareholder value and the risk an investor may take. two betas are aggressive in relation to the market beta however the commercial calculation is less so. Unless a serious investor were to calculate the beta themselves, using actual data for the company, they would be likely to base an enthronization decision on esti mated inaccurate beta values.A shareholders decision to invest can be work ond by another confounding variable, the companys investment rating. There are 3 main investment ratings that stakeholders use and rely upon these are Moodys, Standard & Poors (S&P) and Fitch. Anglo American are rated on Moodys with a long term investment rating of Baa1 and the equivalent long term rating on S&P of BBB+ which is noted to be a light medium grade of investment. S&P define their BBB+ rating as the company having adequate capacity to meet financial commitments, but more subject to adverse economic conditions (Standard and Poors 2012).Although Anglo Americans ratings could be higher they seem to be in a good stable financial position and therefore an engaging investment for potential shareholders. The short term ratings for Anglo American are of a slightly better position than the long term ratings, with Moodys being P-2, which implies they have a ardent ability to repay debt obligations (Mo odys 2009). This shows the company is fairly liquid giving reassurance to shareholders because if the company was to enter default there would be a higher chance of shareholders getting a return.The S&P ascribe rating for Anglo American was the same in 2011 as in 2012 with a long term rating of BBB+ and a short term rating of A-2 for both. This gives investors the security system of Anglo Americans stable credit rating and in turn ability to pay off debt. Although investment ratings can be used to help determine whether to invest or not they should not be relied upon, as companies with the same rating do not have absolutely equal credit quality. It does not take into consideration external factors such as a change in money rates and it ignores the length of maturity. Dividends 2011 2010 ($) ($) Interim dividend 28 25 Recommended 46 40 final dividend Total dividends 74 65 Anglo American has a clear(p) dividend policy in which a base dividend will either be increased or ma intained from year to year (Anglo American 2011).An interim dividend of 28 US cents per ordinary share was paid on 15 September 2011, and for the 2011 financial year The Board proposes a final dividend of 46 cents per share, giving a total dividend for the year of 74 cents, a 14% increase (Anglo American 2011) see figure 3. During the year the classify paid dividends of $818 million to company shareholders, which is a bulky increase on the $302 million paid out in 2010, and $1,404 million in dividends to non-controlling interests.Based on shares eligible for dividends at 31 December 2011, this will result in an estimated distribution of $557 million of shareholders funds, of which $350 million will be distributed by the parent Company. The interim dividend for 2012 has increased by 14% to 32 cents per share, which continues their policy of a base dividend being slightly adjusted after discussion to ensure the maintenance of their investment grade rating (Anglo American 2012n). Div idends are proposed to be paid out in cash and not scrip issues therefore the $557 million will be shown on the balance sheet, therefore affecting cash flows.Anglo American have a fairly attractive dividend yield of 3. 32% in 2011, when compared with other mining companies within the FTSE 100, see Appendix D. From the four companies analysed the dividend yield has increased from 2010 to 2011, apart from BHP Billiton. This suggests that either companies are issuing a higher divided or the value of shares has dropped. In Anglo Americans case the share price has fallen over the given period, but the annual dividend has also increased. As a percentage of earnings the dividend for 2011 was 14. 51%, which had increased from 11. 97% in 2010.Considering the high capital investments that Anglo American commit themselves to, this is fairly good proportion of earnings attributable to shareholders. The optimum dividend policy would offer shareholders a uniform, steady dividend paid at regular intervals now rather than later this is exactly what Anglo American has to offer. However due to the Groups aggressive investment plans for future growth, which includes third major projects Barro Alto, Los Bronces and Kolomela, the constant regular dividend policy is likely to cease or at least come under discussion at board meetings.Shareholders have questioned the decision to invest money into these projects, CEO Cynthia Carroll has announced that the 3 projects and another one expected to commence in 2013 will contribute $6bn to dividend pay-outs. Although the expected change in dividend policy has undoubtedly caused controversy with shareholders, the company has proven that investment into new projects is necessary to maintain a high profit and continue to pay a regular dividend in the future (Vuuren 2011).Over the past a couple of(prenominal) years Anglo American have had a strong, fairly positive balance of debt and equity, which has allowed them to have the flexibility to attain more finance when necessary. Net debt at 30 June 2012, including related hedges, was $3,124 million which was an increase of $1,750 million from the net debt at 31 December 2011. Net debt at 31 December 2011 comprised $12,873 million of debt, partially offset by $11,732 million of cash and cash equivalents (Anglo American 2011).However a dramatic net debt decrease of $6,010 million occurred from 31 December 2010 to 31 December 2011 which reflects strong operating cash flows and proceeds on the disposal of 24. 5% of Anglo-American Sur (Anglo American 2011). Anglo American is funded mainly by equity as shown by the debt and equity ratios in Appendix D. At 30 June 2012 for every $1 of capital invested by the shareholders $0. 655 is funded through debt, which is a slight improvement on the debt equity ratio of 0. 677 at 31 December 2011.The ratios indicate that the group should easily be able to generate enough cash to satisfy its debt obligations as the group has enough room to manoeuvre its current levels of finance. It is important that a companys debt-equity ratio is not too high as this can lead to increased interest payments and an enlarged risk of damaging their credit rating. This is perhaps the reason that the group made efforts to decrease the debt-equity ratio from 31 December 2010 from which it was 0. 755. Anglo American has a sound equilibrium between debt and equity as seen by the gear calculations in Appendix D.Over the past two years, the figure has increased gradually from 45. 71% at 30 June 2010 to 50. 30% at 30 June 2012, which could be due to an increase in long term liabilities. The market value of equity has also increased but at a slightly lower rate, causing the gearing ratio to increase steadily. However, the value of equity is based on the market value of the shares at 30 September 2012 for each of the three years to ensure a more accurate comparison, so when considering each year in turn, it would not show the true value of geari ng.Figure 3 shows the comparison of the percentage of gearing compared with the percentage of gearing using the market value of equity. Both show a similar pattern with gearing gradually increasing over the two years, but a steeper incline for the gearing based on the share price at that year. This could be a result of the share price dramatically decreasing from 25. 26 at 30 September 2010 to 18. 17 at 30 September 2012, in turn giving a lower value of equity when using the market share price.Calculating the gearing using the share price at that time, rather than the market value today, shows the gearing in a way that the company would have wished to portray. Overall, it can be seen that the share price movements of Anglo American Plc. generally follow the market trend, signalling that external factors are the main influence on any change in share price. The erratic behaviour of Anglo Americans share price makes an investment in this company quite risky. For example a variation in the market share price due to a change in regulation is likely to have more of an effect on Anglo American as their beta value is 2. 8. To lower the risk they could strengthen themselves against external factors by introducing or improving their internal control systems, minimising their exposure to the external environment and in turn take down their beta. The beta of Anglo American demonstrated by how the share price movement is generally the same as the market but exaggerated, which shows that it is an aggressive beta. When comparing with other companies in the mining sector Anglo Americans beta value is higher than most but not an anomaly, see Appendix C.All the companies within the mining sector in the FTSE 100 have a beta value higher than 1, making them all aggressive, risky investments, with Anglo American being one of the more risky options. Anglo American may seem quite risky when using the beta, however when considering this alongside the companys gearing it could be con sidered as an attractive less-risky investment. Anglo Americans gearing is fairly average, but it could be improved by minimising the amount of debt that contributes to the companys finance, also decreasing the debt equity ratio.Although the company may be seen as decent increasingly highly geared, they are always investing in new projects to increase shareholder wealth in the long term, which makes the level of gearing more acceptable. Anglo Americans investment rating is fairly high on Moodys credit rating table, which shows there are signs for improvement but also space for fault. The rating is based on many confounding variables, with Corporate Governance having a major influence on the boilersuit rating. Although Anglo American has demonstrated fairly good corporate governance, there is still room for improvement in many areas.Another variable that could affect the rating is the dividend policy on offer to shareholders. Anglo American offer a very attractive policy with a bas e amount and regular payments, which is the optimum option for shareholders, as they know what to expect and when to expect it. After taking into account all aspects of the financial performance of the company, an investment in Anglo American would be recommended for a risk seeking investor expecting regular dividend payments. Anglo American is a worthy investment, as they have a number of new projects ined up for the future and have proven to have had gigantic success with previous projects, leading to satisfied shareholders. However, the value of Anglo American has declined over the period analysed, with the share price falling from 22. 29 to 18. 17, but this is forebode to increase over the near future due to all the projects recently invested in. If the global economy was to enter a double dip recession, Anglo American is not likely to be affected much by this, due to the strong commodity values and derivatives. Strategic ManagementAnglo American is currently one of the worlds top mining companies and has held this position for a number of years. Their main goal is to be the leading global mining company, becoming the investment, partner and employer of choice (Anglo American 2012f). A way in which Anglo American wish to become the global leading mining company is to go past competition, by their structure of organising efficiently and effectively (Anglo American 2012l). They aim to achieve this from being more focused and performance orientated, and believes their Asset Optimisation (AO) programme will help to do this (The Times 2012).Anglo American wanted to enhance the health and performance of their operations, so designed an Asset Optimisation programme in order to achieve a holistic approach to this. It has allowed a more open working culture giving employees the encouragement to not only work together but contribute their own ideas to improve the business. A major contributor from the AO programme, that has added value across the group, is the dev elopment of the programme, in which it has been introduced into the day-to-day business of Anglo American.This programme has added value and strength to Anglo American as to date they have saved well over their target of $1 billion from their core operations and hope the strategy continues to present positive outcomes in the future (The Times 2012). To improve power, each individual area of production is focused on glum its costs, such as lowering excessive waste or managing the usage of natural resources. Water is vital to Anglo American in order to carry out their operations and also for the communities around them, especially as some areas are the most ater-stressed regions in the world. To reduce water usage, a 10 year strategy is in place which involves making projects water resilient, investing in new engineering science and building water infrastructure. By 2030, Anglo American hope to have reached the strategic objective of home in net water consumption. Not only does thi s strategy improve the efficiency of production, it also engages with stakeholders, which in turn benefits the community (Anglo American 2012l) and will reduce the agency problem between directors and the local population.Investment is a strong part of Anglo Americans strategy, and they feel that the investments they have made into large scale assets, with long life cycles, have given them a clear advantage through the low costs attached to them. The commodities that Anglo American specialises in are those that they believe hold the best returns over a long period of time, and even during the fluctuations that occur over an economic cycle.Anglo American also offers derivatives of their commodities which is a good strategic decision for them to take, in the sense that they are guaranteed a certain level of return for those derivatives. However if the demand and in turn the price dramatically rises for those commodities Anglo American could receive lower than the market value at that time. Therefore the option to offer derivatives not only allows for the opportunity of stability for an agreed amount of income, but also the threat to lose out on an increase of market value of that commodity. Operating safely, sustainably and responsibly is embedded in everything (Anglo American 2012l) that Anglo American does. Employee safety is a huge part of any decision made by the company and they are persistent on reaching their goal of zero harm. The 5 years prior to Cynthia Carol becoming Anglo Americans CEO there was a total of nearly 200 fatalities, whereas the 5 years following her position as CEO the number of fatalities dropped to 77.This could be down to the change in strategy and how the importance and safety of employees was considered invaluable to Cynthia this was demonstrated by her drastic decision in 2007 to close the Rustenburg mine instantly due to the risky nature of it (Carroll 2012). The health and wellbeing of employees was taken a step further when HIV/ help and general healthcare services were not only provided to employees but also their dependents, spouses and other stakeholders.This has been recognised as world class and has received a number of rewards for it, The Business Excellence prize for Best Workplace Program being one of many (Engineering & archeological site Journal 2009). Minimising the effect that their operations have on the environment is something that Anglo American also considers in detail. Over the years Anglo American have received a number of awards that prove their commitment to the environment, in 2011 they received the three out of four awards at the Three Nedbank Capital Green Mining Awards.They were recognised for their rural research project at Sishen mine where management decisions were aligned with the long term sustainability objectives of the Taolo Gaetsewe District and the surrounding region (Nedbank 2011). Anglo American hope that this project will make a positive digression to community deve lopment, and in turn bring them closer together, building deferential associations within the nightspot they work in (Anglo American 2012l).They believe that this strategy along with strong governance and solid risk management will create trust amongst the company and its stakeholders and fundamentally enable the delivery of long term returns to shareholders (Anglo American 2012l). Employing the best people is vital to the success of the company and also to achieving their main goal of becoming the leading global mining company. How effectively Anglo American operates depends on the people they employee which in turn contributes to the reputation they have with investors, partners and potential employees (Anglo American 2012l).To attract the best employees to the company, Anglo American create a safe work place for all, have a clear strategy for success, offer stimulating work, are organised for effectiveness and efficiency and support employees in their career development (Anglo American 2012l). Not only does this strengthen the company, as employees have the help to progress and be propel to progress and become the best employees, but it also offers opportunities for Anglo American to be the employer of choice.Although Anglo American has quite strong strategies in place, they should be aware of the external factors which are constantly changing that could affect these strategies or future strategies. overdue to the many countries that Anglo American operates in, they need to constantly monitor each country to ensure they are aware of anything that could affect them, for example, a change in government may have a drastic effect on the way they operate in that country. This could be managed by strong internal controls and contingency plans to react to any change as quickly as possible.The minimum wage rate for each country is something that also needs to be monitored and adhered to as they differ dramatically between the countries Anglo American operate in . The minimum wage for Australia in 2011 was ? 10. 13 compared to Kenya which was ? 0. 61, which is a dramatic rest so is hard to monitor, but it is essential to ensure all the different countries regulations are adhered to (Wage indicator 2012). Governments have also started to impose super profit taxes, where mining royalties increased in Australia, Chile and South Africa.Companies are charged super profit taxes on revenue but now new legislation has been introduced where mining companies are charged on profits as well as revenue. To offset this, there are also denudation bonuses that Anglo American can be rewarded for, for finding natural resources within a country (Deloitte 2010). Anglo American should carefully consider the environment and the areas affected by their actions. There is a constant concern from the public, as appreciation of the environment grows along with the awareness of the harmful effects that mining can have on their surroundings (Australian Bureau of Stat istics 2006).Activities at ground level constantly have an impact on the surrounding area, as bore holes, plan of attack tracks and sometimes even helipads are required. If the areas affected are left un-rehabilitated, this can have a long term effect on the environment (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006). Anglo American has a strategy in place that is recognised internationally, and assists any mine-closure planning. It focuses on the provision for finance necessary and rehabilitation for long term sustainability through addressing complex socio-economic, physical and bio-physical challenges (Anglo American 2012e).Stakeholder relations are constantly upheld throughout any project that Anglo American carries out this ensures they have constant feedback from the community, government bodies and any other stakeholders affected by their actions. Mining is always going to affect the environment and the local communities surrounding each project, but Anglo American has strong strateg ies in place to deal and dole out with these affects to the best of their ability. It is important for Anglo American to value the importance of society.Employees, their communities, and the population of legions countries are all part of the society that Anglo American should embrace. Every year Anglo American spend a percentage of their pre-tax profit on social investment projects and spend time working with communities (Anglo American 2012j). In 2011, Anglo American increased their Corporate Social Investment by 15. 8% to $128. 6 million. The Anglo American Group Foundation is their own venture that operates globally, offering grants to countries where projects are carried out (Anglo American 2012j).Education is a huge social aspect where grant funding is used assisting the development of maths, science and literacy as well as higher education and ensuring teachers are of a good quality. Health is also considered an important aspect on which to focus grant distribution, and Ang lo American have a holistic approach when it comes to HIV/AIDS as not only do they supply internal counselling and testing but have also donated $4 million to external HIV/AIDS projects (Anglo American 2012j).Anglo American has outstanding generosity and strategies in place when it comes to the society and has strong and thorough planning for any operation carried out to improve their relations with stakeholders. However community projects require creative marketing strategies and comprehensive business plans, and an external project consultant could be useful here (Engineering and Mining Journal 2012), to eliminate any bias, and to make society relations a major variable for any decisions made.A large proportion of Anglo Americans hands and mining is carried out in Africa with nearly 1 billion people, Africa accounts for over a sixth of the worlds population, but generates only 4% of global electrical energy (Salaam 2007). Anglo American need a lot of electricity to carry out day to day activities and with the strain of electricity available throughout Africa it was essential for Anglo American to find an alternative energy source due their large consumption of 102. 9 million gigajoules in 2011 (Anglo American 2011).In order for this level of energy to be available to them Anglo American have constructed five platinum based fuel cells which not only provides them with the necessary power for productivity but also provided a significant economic and environmental development opportunity for South Africa by facilitating the provision of clean, reliable and cost effective power (Anglo American 2012g). Anglo American consider engineering and carbon reduction to be linked very closely and aim to have technology capable of running cost efficient, carbon apathetic mines in 20 years (Anglo American 2012g).Although Anglo American have the aim in place to achieve this, a strategic report on how they aim to achieve it and a breakdown of steps, costs and research would be useful. It would not only be useful to the company and employees carrying out the strategy, but also for stakeholders, especially the African population and government. It may even be possible for the project to be supported, and maybe even assisted by the local Government to push forward the time scale. Being a multi-national company, Anglo American has to comply with many laws from each country they mine in.As well as these, some countries have individual legislation, which varies in different areas of the countries, the States & Canada (Garcia 2008). These can include environmental laws, e. g. water pollution, national laws e. g. minimum final payment and safety laws. An example being that Anglo American has developed a safety and sustainable development committee in order to comply with South African safety law. This states that a company in South Africa must provide a committee with ambitions to initiate, develop, promote, maintain and review measures to ensure health and safety (Boshoff 2012).By having a safety committee they can try to minimise the lost time fatality rate and try to achieve their overall goal of zero fatalities within any Anglo American workplace. Anglo American has a sound collection of strategies in place to deal with external factors but it is also important for that they have strategies in place for internal factors. Figure 5 shows a value chain of Anglo American and allows for the internal factors that Anglo American could be affected by to be recognised. Infrastructure A multinational conglomerate with joint projects and subsidiaries.De Beers being the largest subsidiary of many. Extremely high capital investment, with lots of projects. Primary listing on LSE, secondary on JSE. charitable Resources Diversity among workforce across all levels of employment. Committed to International fag Organisation. Development of talent remains a key priority. Technology query and develop their own technology. Link development of n ew technology with the ability for carbon reduction. Procurement have a local procurement policy engaging local businesses in supply chain.Expect all suppliers to operate safely, sustainably and responsibly. take suppliers who are engaged in China sourcing. Inbound Logistics Operations Diamond, outward-bound Logistics Marketing and Sales De BeersService To maintain partner with Chinese nickel, copper, iron 40% of worlds platinumhave their own diamond the sites. Mines need suppliers to operate and ore, thermal coal and output. Own 85% of De auction and shops. 70% of to be maintained by maintain complex productsplatinum mining. Beers, the global platinum consum