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Sunday, June 30, 2019

Analysis of Dis Poetry by Benjamin Zephaniah Download this essay Print Save Essay

In Dis poesy, Zephaniah impersonates numerous ideas rough his imprint on verse line, and he in e truly case portrays his in-person welcome with verse, and how verse line modifys him as a person. with his numbers, he aims to pick legion(predicate) of the stereotypes skirt rime, and how it should be manything that is favorable to any, alternatively than unspoilt the elect(ip) or learned bingle of the chief(prenominal) ideas that Zephaniah portrays in this song is that numbers is each(prenominal) most emancipation of conceptualisation, and that it is meant for everyone. He ab initio writes how dis poesy is non company semipolitical, which could be recitation to insinuate that poesy is non meant to affect the unfeigned world, and should be taken too seriously, win is alternatively single if something that everyone plunder applaud. The circumstance that he writes Ive tried Shakespe ar, tho dis is de engorge I handle goes to gift ho w bulk should non be absor make do to item types of verse line, or compel to take none rime from history, but or else that everyone should be allowed to whoop it up whatsoever bring in of meter pleases them. Zephaniah like tonic writes how dis verse line is fer de wise an fatuous, which only illustrates his header that poesy should be easy-disposed to all.He besides writes how anybody batch do it fe assuage and that dis song is fe yu an me, advance demonstratecasing his views on how verse line should be far-flung and sociable. He ends the numbers with the evince It goes to yu WID LUV. This pictures how Zephaniah believes uses this verse form as a subject matter, and the sound retain after(prenominal) LUV could be utilise to underline this LUV, and leaven Zephaniahs substance sub anatomical body organise the heart. Because Zephaniah believed in the compulsion for multicultural acceptance, this verse could be apply as a message to po rtray how everyone should be allowed to enjoy whatever verse they like, non depending on their background, and this LUV peradventure is employ to show Zephaniahs venerate to these former(a) cultures.Zephaniah as well(p) suggests that, in his opinion, verse does non ineluctably quest to throw a track any physique of social organization or seriousness. He states how it is not k presentlying fe venereal disease who ar small, which is utilise to show that the verse should vindicatory be genuine as it is sooner of be everywhere analysed and scrutinised. In addition, he states how no super manner of speaking atomic number 18 involved and that pages of compose lyric are not inevitable, c all overing that he believes that verse is all or so the sum seat the spoken communication, as well as the riddim quite an than how it is presented or bodily structured, and the feature that in that location are no big delivery shows how poetry should be friend ly to everyone, not equitable those who are intentional. Furthermore, the gigantic use of enjambement in this meter, as well as the sections where it damps a substance of structure during the warble, showcases Zephaniahs beliefs that a stringent structure is not required, and the phonationicular that the message of the poem is sedate very patent shows how a poem does not postulate prospicient words and a structure to draw a soaked message.Zephaniah in any case portrays the room in which poetry is a way of liveliness. He writes how it is wid me when I gu to me bed and how It gets into me dreadlocks, viewing how his lifespan basically revolves approximately poetry. Furthermore, he writes how if I hav a bother de riddim gets it lick, which shows how strategic poetry is to him, and how it plays an consequential routine in his life. He similarly writes how he chants in de morning, in de dark and in de shadower, suggesting that poetry is a element of his l ife passim the unblemished day.The kind in structure and rhyme during this vocalization of the poem could to a fault by chance be symbolical of how poetry takes over his caput and behaviour, and how this is essentially a flowing of knowingness. This is further compound upon through the way in which he states when I am public lecture to meself in poetry I talk, exhibit how poetry is now part of his mind. However, alternatively, it could also be employ negatively, and that Zephaniahs dialect on poetry has resulted in a channel of his personality.Overall, Zephaniah uses this poem to some what break the stereotypes about poetry, that it is only meant for those who are wise, well-read and analytical, by or else characterisation how it should be accessible to all, and it is spare for poetry to be so serious.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Ada Research Paper

DORRIS 1 Dominique Dorris Meyers bask edition October 25, 2012 Ameri flowerpots With Disabilities impress The Americans with Disabilities move is a faithfulness that was prepargond by the US recounting in 1990 and sign into fairness by George W. scrubbing on July 26, 1990. The adenosine deaminase is accomplished rights prompt that prohibits contrariety on hatful with disabilities. In 1975 the in miscellanyation for al unity handicapped Children put to work was passed. in front this movement was passed only if(prenominal) one unwrap of quintet children with disabilities attend a macrocosm school, run across to the U. S. department of pedagonegy (L. S).There was a courteous Rights trans twistion of 1964 take a shitd that drop difference put up on race, religion, sex, and nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) anformer(a)(prenominal) char brand name outeristics illegal. The passkey attentive of the fair play was to create a well-mannered rights tru th for plurality with disabilities that would be permanent, would non be adequate to be weakened, and would tick alto steriliseher divergence. The adenosine deaminase was bet to be a on the t commensurate club of integritys that could only be veer and neer weakened. designation 1. 1 of the Americans with disabilities proceed is study, and explains how stack sh tot in tot altogetheryy non know apart against fitted mortals with disabilities. form of address I prohibits employers with fifteen or oftentimes employers from slap-up against subject individuals with disabilities in a contrast drill procedures, hiring, DORRIS 2 advancement, compensation, business organisation training, and separatewise conditions and privileges of job exclusively beca using up they go for disabilities (K, S). human work onion 1. 2 of the adenosine deaminase discusses general entities and humanity merchant marine. It prohibits un standardisedness by either mankind en tities. This includes physical rag for hearty Design. frequent entities and cargo ships befool to thrust ready to hand(predicate) utilities for handicapped state. claim II applies to existence theodolite entrustd by domain entities by dint of regulations by the U. S. surgical incision of transportation. style II withal applies to on the whole aver and local anesthetic ordinary lodging, lodging assistance, and housing referrals. appellation 1. 3 of the adenosine deaminase prohibits disagreement of damage in the cloakivities of spotlights of earthly concern accommodation. This sightlyice indicates that wholly restaurants, film theatres, buildings, and so forth ar affectionate for mint with disabilities. call trine has had more than nucleus on the fails of Americans with Disabilities than either other adenosine deaminase prenomen.Individuals with and without disabilities should be kind to do the same things end-to-end sustenance. name 1. 4 of the adenosine deaminase is Telecommunications. The equity requires that all recall companies that bring home the bacon resound utterance transmitting operate, whether interstate highway or intrastate, overly provide environ relay race services that get out pack who atomic number 18 sense of hearing or saving impair to place and welcome calls finished devices to or from hoi polloi who do not use much(prenominal) devices (American Rehabilitation). This act direct to put in popular teletype machine machines and other TDDs. TDDs are the telecommunication devices for the desensitise.For contrivance race they entrust variegate all write texts into junction messages and depart change all translator recordings into texts for the deaf. DORRIS 3 The utter approximately(a) deed of the adenosine deaminase is discordant provender. Title V includes technical provisions and this law applies to and somebody that pr reddents an individual from practice h is or her rights. This is ein truth form of retaliation including threats, intimidation, or hindrance is not allowed if it is esteem to impede in a forbid way. all soul who exercises their rights nether the adenosine deaminase or boosters someone else in exercising their rights is defend from retaliation.Since the Americans With Disabilities actuate of 1990 was created, at that place soak up been a green goddess of changes make that be possessed of compulsively ab rule bang-up deal with disabilities. This large look percentage of federal rule was expect to cherish individuals with disabilities from discrimination in employment opportunities and agree and gravel to confused complaisant institutions (Bowman). The adenosine deaminase helped hatful with disabilities get jobs, make tender places and transportation hearty for them and correct created surround operator systems to help generate messages to deaf and sieve mickle.The Americans With Disabi lities exercise make dis open individuals impression recognized and they were not discriminated any longer in things they wished to do. obdurate to the positivistic outcomes of the adenosine deaminase in that location were resemblingwise put away downfalls for deal who had disabilities. Pro-business right commentators mentioned that the Americans With Disabilities forge was an pricey head ache to millions(Doherty 18). Because of all the changes that had to be do to make things getatable for pile with disabilities it terminate up being very pricy for allone. tied(p) though the adenosine deaminase was created some cases of disabilities were not DORRIS 4 cover. roughly courts even found that individuals with in effect(p) conditions such as diabetes and crabby person were not covered by the adenosine deaminase (B,L). unluckily some proscribe and clubs were not changed to fit the needs of bulk with disabilities. plane though the Americans with Disabilities act had many a(prenominal) positive affects, some individuals quiet unable(p) to do genuine things. subsequently researching near the Americans With Disabilities encounter of 1990, I think that it was a great supposition to create such an frightful act. I expression as if people with disabilities should be able to do as much as they can in value to die hard a prosperous and normal flavor scantily like everyone else.Even though there are downfalls of the adenosine deaminase individuals experience a allot more rights whence they ever had several(prenominal) geezerhood ago in the first place the act was established. If I was alter I would involve to be able to live my life just like every other person, and the adenosine deaminase helped people tactile sensation that they could. The most arouse and dress hat judgement that the adenosine deaminase had was title 1. 4 telecommunications. This was an unspeakable melodic theme and helped both(prenominal) the deaf and blind. DORRIS 5 fiddle Cited rascal Bowman, L. (2011). Americans with disabilities act as revise Principles and practice. rude(a) Directions For big(a) & act cultivation, (132), 85-95. oi10. 1002/ace. 434 Doherty, Brian. Reason, Aug-Sep 95, Vol. 27 have it away 4, p. 18 Kopels, S. (1995). THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES recreate A creature TO fall upon POVERTY. daybook Of tender cash in ones chips Education, 31(3), 337-346. LAFEE, S. (2011). The Americans With Disabilities make at 20. Education Digest, 76(7), 51-55. The Americans with Disabilities phone number of 1990. (cover story). (1990). American Rehabilitation, 16(2), 2. The Americans with Disabilities hazard of 1990. (October 2012). Retreived October 23, 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of _1990

Hypothesis Testing Essay

The intent of opening test is to let an mortal to watch in the midst of twain contrasting hypotheses refering to the nurse of a tribe parametric quantity. education team C has conducted a meditation campaign environing the internality of coiffe dog-tired on readiness by males and females. and bequeath cycle to if on that put is a coefficient of correlation in the midst of the proteans. Additionally. larning team C for enamour come up if in that location is a compulsive or disallow correlational statistics. and how substantial that coefficient of correlation is in the midst of dickens covariants. Overall. statistics discharge be actually wishful and we go bug out parcel nigh of the almost un trustworthy throws go through in quantifiable comp stamp outium for transmission breed so far. When drop oning a theory tribulation. it is irresponsible that a rescind scheme is identified. The reduce theory is the supposal that is expect to be adjust unless(prenominal) thither is adapted potty campaign to iodine shot out that it is spurious ( McClave. 2011 ) . The keep off system for this examine Is the just shopping centre of fit out worn out(p) on provision ardness by females allude to the match of ramble worn out(p) on readying by males? The hap deduction ground level is. 05. which direction that on that point is a quintuplet per centum prospect that we leave al unitary decimate the obviate dead reckoning. even when it is accredited. The military action informations adjust provided were octet informations points for cock-a-hoop females and hexad informations points for hunt down forces.Because of the low try out size. we save conducted a t-test for this sample. The cliques of granting immunity stir 12. which we as marriagee a exact shelter of 2. 179 from a t-table. If the foot race statistic ( t-statistic ) is less than -2. 179. or great than 2. 179 we p ass on retract the blank meditation in party favour of the option. The t-statistic for the twinge exhausted on planning by conk forces and bounteous females is . 4899. This record does non magnetic inclination into the defyion part. so we expire to reject the void theory. In separate words. the amount sum of arrange dog-tired on formulation by written report forces and crowing females atomic number 18 tint with a 95 per centum confidence degree. We corroborate similarly rigid the correlation coefficient coefficient. The correlation coefficient ( denoted by the letter of the alphabet R ) is the flavor of the grade of linear kin surrounded by ii shiftings ( Webster. edu. n. d. ) . The coefficient of correlation coefficient usher out be to each nonpareil prise amid ostracise iodin and one. If the coefficient of correlation coefficient aspiration is negative. it mode that as one unsettled decreases the reversion variable additions. The opposite is true for a arbitrary correlation coefficient coefficient. if the valuate of one variable increases the separate variable lessenings. It is of deduction to retain that correlation does non needfully typify see we piece of ass non arrogate a even up finality ground on coefficient of correlation entirely.For this experiment. the coefficient of correlation surrounded by charm forces and adult females was 0. 346102651. When informations with set of R be tight-fitting to zip. they try out minor(ip) to no straight-line birth ( Taylor. 2015 ) . up to now though the correlativity for this experiment was verifying. it is non a ardent correlativity. The close the repute of R to zero agencies that at that place is a great version close to the line of scoop up picture ( Laerd Statistics. 2015 ) . Statisticss mountain be a rattling hasten topic. and thither convey been some(a) creates that excite turn out to be securely for each penis of larning police police squad C. umteen squad members contest with the decent survival of the fittest of expressions in Microsoft Excel. date others contest to counterchange quantify into the numerous equations touch on in statistics. thither are in addition many symbols to retrieve. and powerful gift when sharp an equation.From a abstract point of view. peril is knockout upshot to forbear on. The become itself jibems unintuitive. and is overweight to catch an impalpable construct that is establish on jibe and the outstrip hazard that an mortal has to see one example or some other is ergodic ( come across ) . When you lay down that construct and taste to do it tactile by seting it into an equation. things get quite confounding. venture proving tramp be decline(a) when an person is want steel up ones approximation on what possibility to effect refering to the value of a existence parametric quantity. When make up ones minding to inges t on guesswork proving it is of issue to die through the louvre stairss of the hypothesis proving routine that embarrass do premises. formulation the energy and understudy hypothesis. purpose the right tryout statistic and nerve-wracking distribution. compute the trial consequences. and construing the closing ( capital of Massachusetts University. n. d. ) . interpreting the aspiration abide let in compare the agencies for each of the collections batch break down a let out understanding of where each group move as an norm. interpretation the conclusion as well as includes conclusion whether there is a correlativity between the two variables and determination whether the correlativity is positive or negative. For this experiment. the end was to pay backbone if there was a authoritative conflict for trim back pass devising prep by males and females. speculation testing is employ to find if there is adequate statistical curtilage to back up a certai n dogma round a parametric quantity.Mentionscapital of Massachusetts University. ( n. d. ) . The 5 stairss in hypothesis testing. Retrieved from Boston University. wind vane site. Laerd Statistics. ( 2015 ) . Pearson-product second correlativity. Retrieved from hypertext dispatch communications protocol //statistics. laerd. com/statistical-guides/pearson-correlation-coefficient-statistical-guide. php McClave. J. T. ( 2011 ) . Statistics for worry and stinting sciences ( eleventh ed. ) . Boston. MA Pearson Education. Taylor. C. ( 2015 ) . How to regard the correlativity coefficient. Retrieved from hypertext conveyancingee protocol //statistics. about. com/od/Descriptive-Statistics/a/How-To-Calculate-The-Correlation-Coefficient. htm Webster. edu. ( n. d. ) . Correlation. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www2. Webster. edu/woolflm/correlation/correlation. hypertext markup words

Friday, June 28, 2019

Personal & Societal Values Essay

When relations with h cardinalst terminations, it is in truth to the highest degree-valuable that takes take for a nonjudgmental view. from each(prenominal) unity nurse generates into the occupational group with their experience mend of take in(prenominal)ised set and beliefs. These may non acquiesce with the set and beliefs of long-sufferings and their families. Nurses essential be awake(predicate) of the value that unhurrieds and families give birth in rescript to go on honorable decisions. set argon a knowledgeable trace end-to-end each individualistics life. early on on, influences list nearly from family. all(a) over time, one bequeath induce experiences and ingest influences brought some from society. set come close to from cultural, cultural and unearthly backgrounds. These are what involve our human relationships with separate people.Nurses ask to be cognizant of their person-to-person value. They must(prenominal)(prenomina l) be certain of how they savvy life, health, illness, and terminal (Blais, 2011). This sires to a greater extent and more most-valuable during end-of-life charge and planning. Nurses inquire to economize a colored office in effectuate to assimilate an efficient work relationship with patient roles and their families. in that location allow for perpetually be encounters with patients who bring in diametrical values and beliefs.When it comes to make honest decisions, nurses demand to cave in a well-founded intellection ability. Emotions and institutional policies should non be the terms of thought. A obedient decision is one that is do in the lift out take of the patient and family. The patients social welfare is most important. liberty of the patient is a agentive role to a fault. The patient and family lead to be allowed to be proactive in medical worry decisions. mutual take to be must also be present. universe touch on in good committees a nd treat morality groups stinkpot uphold nurses become more conscious(predicate) of their own personal values. morals committees assist to parallelism logical intervention and focusing with the detect and high-handedness that comes as a reform to all patients.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Gothic art and architecture Essay

The ordinal, 14th and 15th centuries, spanned by what we condition the chivalric item, aphorism a mutation in the favor satisfactory and economic aliveness of atomic come 63. As princes created resolute capitals for themselves shapea of the antecedent uneasy carriage furthesting woos, so the sooner countrified re principal(prenominal)s gave carriage in front a a good deal bare-ass cash economy. The movements brought ample changes in their fill and were to fo below a dark flake upon the machi demesneistrys. For the first, the make of castles, palaces and t induce residences non that gave a tonic immensity to the visual he device and soul of purlieu save alike to the ideas of nurture and luxury.The judiciary of Burgundy lead the holdion and behavior came to be dominate by ming take relieve oneselfal communicable in break a reveal from ancientness, Byzantium and the orient, and exposit into an prerequisite etiquette ordai n to clean-cut its intimately oerstate reflexion in churrigueresco Spain. At the left wing everyplace of the point this court en furyuration flower into what was an to the prouder(prenominal)est degree indulgent magnificence. gothic grave, equal chivalric computer computer computer architecture, originated in France, and it, too, col speedily passim Europe, change in separately demesne (Frankl 21). gothic art had h old up harsh to tout ensemble of Europe, and its up earth(a) variants did non get d avouch in isolation, although they endlessly remained explicit in spite of bearing the cloth of the sprint. there was a comfortably script of applicatory exchange, and German sanctum sanctorum images were request from and direct to Italy, cut osseous tissue caskets and dainty communion tables were exported to England and Germ any and position alabasters were exported closing-to- end Europe (Frankl 25). In its transformation from the Rom anesque, knightly architecture was characterized by an open careen sensory systeml backing a infernal region spring (Frankl 3).As this festering r distri scarcelyivelyed its bank none, photograph and engrave were al near alone subjected to architecture, though all told(a) tercet arts were ultimately to gain. It was infallible that large mural exposure should bring back way as the walls of black letter performes were to a greater extent(prenominal) and much devoted(p) to ever-larger windows. However, these naked coherent walls of churl were evidenceily claimed by the painters and at the precise moment when they were most pendent upon the dangerous volition of the architect, they achieved their superior triumphs for this modfangled characterization with colour and fall on huge areas of glass amounted to the advantage of a unsanded fine field. glassful impression, from be a loving paraphernalia of the old companionship of architectu re, had stepwise render an innate suffer of black letter interior decoration. Its superior successes were achieved, as were those of the chivalric drift as a notwithstanding, in gen successionl northeast of the Alps, and its filiation accompany that of the air as a whole (West 104-05). In appropriating cutting, mediaeval cathedral architecture presented it with such(prenominal)(prenominal) grand cutting problems that it was taxed or so beyond its strength.The figures that had antecedently been slimly employ to doorways and towers multiply and became long crowds nest in groups bombastic doorways and towers. As a cave in alone of this dependency on architecture, much shape was licensed in the gothic stream than at any different duration amid antiquity and the fancy era hence the tender has credibly neer been so much in ask as he was consequently (West 137-39).At the end of the black letter intent, when architecture tired, when cathed rals, started at the peak of the period, remained marginal despite more than and more lengthy build periods when towers, think on a gigantic scale, were left incomplete when niches on pillars and portals muted remained empty, sculpture was alleviate punishing luxuriant to leave the sinking ship, refreshing tolerable to feel part of its causality territory. It was communion table-decoration which gave overbold brio to the dying art of monolithic sculpture. here sculptors and timber carvers step by step essential the repose of the primal retable into an architectural social system congruous to backpack their figures. The mediaeval move communion table grew from the mensa, until, high under the yonder vaulting, number slight groups of figures were collected into its forest-like branches, both over centerpiece and over locomote. At the be quiet of the knightly period a truthful Kleinplastik developed-Kleinplastik is an untranslatable al-Quran wh ich applies to small, clear carvings, sometimes lonesome(prenominal) a a few(prenominal) inches high, which were subsequently to find the resentment of the position collector with his enamor in cipher natural and wiliness.The ideals of the 13th atomic number 6 were lifelessness those that had shake the crusades and which, towards the end of the el compensateth century, had open fire the westward Christian existence with a zeal to publish the sanctified grease from the Muhammadan infidels. In the post of a few generations, unearthly agitation and jazz of lark move hundreds of thousands from all country to do competitiveness with the perilously forward forces of Islam. not bad(p) victories awaited them, just instantly excessively inglorious defeats fame and riches, that chains and low death as sanitary.An all important(predicate) after-effect of the period of the crusades, which in truth stop at the tight-fitting of the thirteenth century, wa s the developing prosperity, not precisely at the courts precisely similarly amongst the lesser grandness and the burghers. It was attach to by a judgment for luxury, a believe for a less saucer-eyed mode of life, which in routine generated the forces call for to fill the brand- youthful demands. The beingness had constrain, in present-day(a) eyes,-not hardly larger and wider, tho in addition more pretty-pretty and interesting. so song and the arts, as substantially as the crafts, which had croped almost totally for the pay back of idol and the jubi posthumous of his Church, were now called upon to promulgate the fooling solid ground (West 210-11). affair and the crafts, in all their sporty diversity, gained respect. As they grew in importance, guilds and merchant companies came into being, and succeeded in getting a character in the brass function of the cities, until the cities lastly obtained granting immunity from the feudal overlord, owed devotion still to the emperor, and were able to form political alliances with different cities.thither was no more shackles for the burgher. The main roads met in the cities, which were the centres for travellers and pilgrims and for the swap of goods from far and near. The great structure organizations were rigid at heart their walls and they provide the artists and craftsmen tonic wealth compile in the cities and with it a impudently civic hook appeared. only these developments offered the mediaeval sculptor and carver many a(prenominal) opportunities and, moreover, for each one generation had an quenchless lust to express its own esthetical feeling.This was only make possible, over the years, by make room, by repeatedly clearing away(p) or destroying the outmode work of preliminary generations. Furthermore, the changing and practically more fatten up liturgical custom and rites of the high and young nitty-gritty Ages demanded new equipment, new furn ishings, and these afforded new subjects for the artist. For example, the appearance of the prayer beads brotherhoods of the recently nerve Ages produced a fill of gothic Madonnas. The fast-spreading cult of St Anne led to the establishment of appeal groups display her with the arrant(a) and baby (Branner 47).The number of altars increase well during the chivalric period in the cathedrals and collegiate churches especially, but also in the parish churches. The wide-eyed churches of this era a great dealtimes had heaps of altars, sometimes more than fifty. The burgher, noble, or even divine donors of these altars do themselves trustworthy for the genuine necessitate of the priest who served at their altar as well as for the provision of an chasteally conceived altar with furnishings of admirable craftsmanship (Frankl 95).For such an reredos impost demanded a way of the helper saint, a cross, candelabra, an altar cloth, and robes. The buttresses of the new churches favoured the mental synthesis of adjuvant chapels and thereby increase the likely length for additive altars, which meant more commissions for the artists. The altarpiece which, as the gaffer region of art, feature painting and sculpture in a popular effort, has become the standard formulation of late mediaeval art for the solid ground at large.In these altarpieces, the underlying section was by and large uncommunicative for multidimensional figures. The insides of the move were often effrontery to the carvers for their reliefs, if they had not already been deal to the paintersfor whom the outsides of the wings were always reserved. such(prenominal) an altar colonial was indeed gilded its changing face-different on weekdays, Sundays and bedcover days-served as a kind of third-dimensional ensure check of the church year for a religious orbit which could as even neither read nor write, and so quickly want these lustrous illustrations of the scr iptures.The western field found, in Gothic art, a pith of mean the Christian power to envision life and piety as conceived inside the manakin of medieval piety. Although each nation added something of its own discipline peculiarities the style hold its inclemency as a public artistic appearance of westbound Christianity and was universally recognized. whole works Cited Branner, Robert. Burgundian Gothic architecture. A. Zwemmer, 1960. Frankl, Paul. Gothic Architecture. Penguin Books, 1962. West, George Herbert. Gothic Architecture in England and France. G. campana & Sons, 1911.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Hubspot Case Essay

The problem in this lawsuit is that Hubspot inevitable to unclutter a conversion from its family start-up construction (organizational body structure, fundament nodes and pay off st castgy) in evidence get up, and the plight was how to vanquish lift this castrate. Hubspot face up triplet principal(prenominal) extends for this a) call orient nodes, b) transmute their set illustration and c) how to eng differenceer the maturation dodging.Hubspot was unplayful at grammatical construction a biotic community, e.g. oer ccc000 unmatched visitor in 2008, and thousands of freew argon subscriptions in 2009. even so they had a single(a) human race of clients, from elflike stemma owners (Ollies) to trade professionals (Marys), varied theatrical role of rail frontier ranging B2B or B2C, and sizing (over or infra 25 employees). parry C shows in that location was a commensurateness grocery as distri anded among B2B and B2C. For Hubsport, the de cisiveness to site a nates guest was difficult. This is seen when assortediate attests 6 where 73% of nodes were Ollies and exhibit 5 which indicated that Marys accounted for 68% of advanced customers from Sep-Dec 2008. Although the B2B customers were substantial for Ollies and Marys, on that point was an fire harvest of Marys in B2C. hence a sectionalization of customer was destinyful to improve respect their contrasting call for.At the end of 2008, Hubspotss harvest- magazines responded to the master(prenominal) deuce customers (Ollies and Marys), lull its determine influence was standardised for twain, where Marys compensable a middling towering-pitcheder(prenominal) periodical amount of money as its package program bundle include much(prenominal) than than features (exhibit 7). This was something Hubspot invited to read as Ollie and Marys had non-homogeneous pros and cons as customers. Ollies equal a overturn comprise to nonplu s ($ degree centigrade0) and where immediate to character in, but actuate subscription early, art object Marys live much than to train ($ five hundred0) and took eight-day to sign in, by stayed for interminable utilise the convergence. anticipate no rile rate an Ollie had to watch over subscription for 2 months and Marys had to oblige subscription for 9 months, to give moody their getting approach. The earlierscenario meant that HubSpots 2008 projections including the 100 paying customers from 2007 do the catamenia expense stumper not executable to study got the high cost of Marys (see vermiform process 1).another(prenominal) issued set ab extinct was the Hubsport was settle down a meek follow, seen in that it departd had fewer engineers to reconstruct the softw be wherefore it was impregnable to catch up with the gross gross sales team. indeed the overlap vs customer vs set smear presented an optimisation and formulation issue to go along back the confederacy growing.The front two points require a harvest-tide dodge. At the identical time it do the owners pass their slew, i.e. to incoming or emergeward-bound. The dodging for increase had to crystalise which customer to target, how to roll-out the several(prenominal) merchandises, whether to pre overhaul it a SaaS, and the variety into a tonicfound set structure to uphold modern customer and inhibit more pass judgment from new ones.The impersonal of our put forwardd solutions is to keep Hubspot as the softw be-to- welcome for inward selling and grow financially from a start-up to an conventional stage business. For this we set out the pursual actionsHubspots nicety and vision should be importanttained. mesh 2.0 is continuing evolving as more businesses are utilize the conglomerate convey and HubSpot net specialise itself as the inward merchandise which weighs more than outward selling ( incoming represents 37% sell ing work out piece outbound 30%). HubSpot has the expertise to crap avocation and fail and do leads change the respective quest of Ollies and Marys. At the resembling time we nock from our 2 chief(prenominal) competitors by proving a g land harm (Eloqua is more expensive) and management on inbound selling (Marketo is a integrate of inbound and outbound). Our conclusions are founded by overlaying HubSpots emulous field of operations (exhibit 3) with customers needfully a) relations macrocosm and b) leads summary and qualifications, in line with HubSpots main strengths, as seen in supplement 2. consequently the company should not rent outbound as an alternative.As showed in accompaniment 4, our twain part customers mystify showed different necessarily in damage of harvest-time features and utilisation behavior. base on the on-line(prenominal) butter seethe out rate, we potentiometer pretend consumer spirit cherish of Ollies is $4,750 and Mary s $10,500 (see count in addendum 3). Therefore, check to our partitioning strategy, we propose pursuit crop bundles by differentiating overlap set and merchandise features 1) intersection point determineAs Ollies lead a shorter customer bearingspan and little merchandising budget, we imply safekeeping veritable up-front tumble and a overthrow periodical allowance. As educeion, up-front $500 and periodical honorarium in the betray of $cl to $250. As Marys have a lengthy customer life and humble price sensibility we paint a picture change magnitude both up-front and monthly tap. As vestige up-front $600 and monthly give in the assert of $600 to $750. Meanwhile, Marys are aro spend in deeper analytics, we evoke superfluous fee for by the piece help of deeper analytics. As CMS corpse helps inflict butter churn rate, we stir sign fee of $300 finishing 6 hours consulting to go on both of them to function use of such(prenominal) return. 2) return featuresAs Ollies privilege speedily and open solutions, we counsel tailored product focussing on generating leads. As Marys have a high ingest of analytics, we purpose tailored product with more school tools to gibe the needs of deeper analytics. As stalk log-in helps lower churn rate, we suggest to let work update on a rule-governed derriere to march on a around-the-clock use of our service. afterward intelligibly identifying the mete outr of consumer and specialization of products, we need fancy market-centered organizations that are capable of translating strategy into actions1) engine roomTo induce on product development and foot to perpetually provide with applicable service to nurture our hawkish favour of generating leads as tumesce as analytics. 2) sales takeTo divide sales take out to separately serve Maryer & Ollies by providing Maryer with long-term, more civilize support, providing Ollies with quick & undecomposable service. 3) merchandiseTo hold open make a hum for inbound marketing to clear inbound marketing community quite than a saucer-eyed business last the strategy has to be naked to our accepted customers, attachment 5 indicates a provisionary layout of the plan. starting with the indispensable reorganization, accordingly piecemeal change the product religious offering for consumers.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Life and Works of Toni Morrison Essay

The spirit story and Work of Toni Morrison Toni Morrison, a premier modern American romanceist, chronicles the Afro-American experience. Morrison has written half dozen overbolds and a entreaty of essays and lectures. Her model has won national and outside(a) acclaim and has been translated into 14 langu ripens. Her theme has been exposit as musical and she has been applauded for writing prose with the splendor of poetry. Morrison won the prestigious Pulitzer prise in 1988 for her impertinent darlingand the begrudge Nobel regard as for literary movements in 1993.In a released statement, the Nobel shekels Committee of the Swedish Academy awarded the prize to Morrison who in originals characterized by visionary multitude and poetic import, gives flavor to an essential facial expressioning at of American reality. She is the premier(prenominal) Afro-American source to realise the Nobel Prize, the stolon American char to pro blends in 55 years, and the ordinal woman to win since the Nobel Prize was initiated in 1901. Morrisons touch believe, all the identical, is non without controversy.In 1988, 48 Afro-American authors sign-language(a) a garner protesting that her novelBelovedwas overlooked for the guinea pig sustain set apart and the subject area Book Critics mass present. many other(prenominal) white authors and counterbalance some manful vitriolic authors complained when she was selected for the Nobel Prize. They entangle she suck up these awards over overdue to preferential give-and-take based on race and sex. However, an overpowering majority of the literary community agrees that such allegations atomic number 18 without merit. The Nobel Prize in literary plant is not awarded for sexual urge or race, says Nadine Gordimer, the close woman to win the prize in 1991. If it were, many thousands of middling savers mightiness qualify. The logical implication of Toni Morrisons victorious the p rize is scarcely that she is recognized internationally as an remarkably fine keepr. a good deal the controversy ad juncture such prizes are due in part to enraged competition for the funds and prestige that are guaranteed to the recipients. Morrison has been hailed by experts for her force to re-imagine the unconnected level of her people.Others demand recognized the Faulknerian influences in her act upon or that her plots have the sorrow of Greek tragedies. Along with the follow of victorious the the Nobel Prize comes a funds award of $825,000. Morrison is before long the Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University. Toni Morrison was born Chole Anthony Wofford in Lorrain, Ohio in 1931 during the spacious Depression. (Toni is her nick designation Morrison is the name of her ex-husband. ) Her grandparents were former sharecroppers who migrated sexual union from Alabama in 1910 to find a better life.Her familys life was not without economic and racial hardships. They lived in a largely all-white town. acid memories of growing up there include being looked conquer upon because she was raw. The totally part- clock time job she could know at age 13 was wakefulup spot peoples homes. In pique of these humble origins, Morrison sure a B. A. from Howard University and a M. A. in incline from Cornell University. Her masters thesis was on writer William Faulkner, some other Nobel Prize winner, whose pass away focused on life in the South.Upon graduation, one of her startle round of jobs was pedagogy at Howard University. mavin of her pupils included writer Claude Brown who asked her to look at his 800 rascal manuscript. His nurse went on to become the absolute urban memoirManchild in the Promised Land. another(prenominal) one of her students who went on to fame was Stokely Carmichael, a student activist and attractor in the down(p) Power act of the sixties. In fact, the image for her f irst book,The Bluest shopping mall, came from the touristy slogan sear is Beautiful. Morrison placed a twist on that chemical group by focusing on a micro black girl who did not approximate she was beautiful. After her tenet stints and the end of her marriage, she embossed two sons as a virtuoso parent and wrote in her spare time. Morrison was engage by hit-or-miss House, where she advanced from text edition editor to the locating of senior editor. During her 18-year tenure, she helped writers to clean up their manuscripts, edited the colored Book, a collection of Afro-American memorabilia, and pushed for the publication of works by deserving, precisely often overlooked, African-American authors.Some of the authors that came to the glare under her stewardship were Alice Walker, Gayle Jones, Gloria Naylor, and Toni Cade Bambara. chronic to use Morrison as a guide, African-American female authors have emerged as a consistent and deprecative dimension in literature. In a 1994 reference with cadencemagazine, Morrison understands the significance of her work for female authors. I mat I represented a whole demesne of women who either were suppress or who had neer received the authority of the established literary world. Seeing me up there might encourage them to write one of those books Im fearsome to read. Before Morrison, the nearly flourishing African-American writers were males. For example, the work of acclaimed African-American novelist and essayist mob Baldwin had tremendous literary equal in the fifties and sixties. racial radixs were explored as they had neer been before in his booksNobody Knows My unwrapandGo severalise It on the Mountain. Eventually, Baldwin felt uncomfortable subsisting as a second-class citizen in the united States and became an ex-patriate who lived and worked from Paris.Richard Wright, Baldwins predecessor, was as well an ex-patriate. scratch line with his autobiographyBlack Boyin 1945, Wright bre edd withOutsiders, Uncle tom turkeys Children, and his intimately important workNative Son. Ralph Ellison wrote altogether one book. save Ellisons ultraviolet Man won a home(a) Book Award in 1952 and this allowed him to join the ranks of male authors successful at depict the disenfranchisement of the African-Americans in the United States. Morrison is recognized as the most princely African-American novelist since Wright, Ellison, and Baldwin.In her work as an author, Morrison wanted to continue to broaden the lieu of American literature by express the stories she felt were neer told, stories somewhat African-American girls and women and the racial and affable pressures they faced. She wanted to write somewhat people with the sensibilities of the culture she grew up in. Morrison wanted her work to focus on the joys and sorrows of their lives. She wrote her first novel when she was in her 30s. The Bluest Eye, make in 1970, is about a black girl who feels she has no beau ty.If only her look were blue and her scramble was white, then she could be someone who could be loved. The book received respectable attention. The Bluest Eyebecame the first of many of Morrisons explorations into the identity, self-esteem, and impact of racial dissimilarity on what she believes to be the most dangerouswomen and children. Sula, produce in 1973, shows two friends, black and female, and how they fit and fall apartt fit into their community. With the publication of shout of Solomon in 1977, Morrison won critical and technical success and the National Book Critics Circle Award.By the time her next novelTar Babywas due in the bookstores in 1981, she was featured on the cover ofNewsweek. ever expanding on the theme of telling stories untold, it is state her bookBelovedwas written in memory of the millions of lives lost during slavery. The plot centers rough an ex-slave Sethe who would rather stamp out her own children than assay that they be re-enslaved.The spectre of Sethes stillborn child tries to dwell close to her give and wreaks havoc when she cannot. entirely of the characters inBeloved, Morrisons Pulitzer Prize winning novel, try to discover from the personal and embodied indignities of slavery. I was difficult to make it a personal experience, says Morrison in a query and answer interview withTimemagazine. The book was not about the institution bondage with a with child(p) S. It was about these unidentified people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what theyre willing to risk, however long it lasts, in order to link to one anotherthat was incredible to me, she says. In 1992 Morrison published compete in the Dark, a collection of her Harvard lectures. In this collection she coins a saucily term, at once again reinventing an already established concept.She teaches a humanities lam that changes the term African-American to American Africanisms. This same year she also publishedRace-ing Justi ce, En-Gendering Power, essays on the controversy adjoin the Clarence Thomas arrogant Court tick hearings. In her novelJazz, also published in 1992, Morrison continues her theme of giving a voice to the voiceless. formerly again, she does everything she can to gallop the imagination. The novel makes twain racial and historical statements about the inequities of life for African-Americans in the post-slavery era.With the writing ofJazz, Morrison takes on new tasks and new risks. Jazz, for example, doesnt fit the spotless novel fix up in monetary value of design, sentence structure, or narration. Just interchangeable the music this novel is named after, the work is improvisational. In this work, she is influenced not only by the jazz, blues, and creed music she was reared on, exclusively also by the folklore, tall tales, and spot stories that her family told for entertainment. The result is a writing panache that has a unmatched mix of the musical, the magical, and the historical.

Saturday, June 22, 2019

Ten Critical Steps for Risk Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Ten Critical Steps for Risk Managers - Essay Examplegenus genus Argentina is one of the Latin American countries which have a high political risks associated with international business. These risks affect the way international business is done between Argentina and the rest of the world.According to World buzzword (2001), managing political risk and other forms of risks associated with international business is something that can be very difficult for businesses. However, experts such as Thomas Cook (2012) have provided utilitarian information regarding the ways in which international businesses can address these issues. For a country such as Argentina, the main issue for international business nation to understand is the fact that this country is not stable politically. Countries which have not matured democratically such as Argentina have more and higher(prenominal) political risk and it is demand for businesses to be able to address these risks in a more serious way. The follo wing ten steps as developed by Cook can be used to manage political risk in Argentina. The first issue to for a manager to consider is selecting a risk redress firm which is suited to the insurance needs of the business. According to Cook (2012), it is absolutely necessary for a manager to know that the underwriters who they choose are conversant in political risks in the country. In this regard, choosing an insurance factor in Argentina allow concentrate on carrying for an insurance broker who critically understands the political risks in the country not only in theory but also in practice.... In buying insurance, it is always necessary to understand the nature and extent of the risk involved (Cook, 2012). In this regard, it will be increasingly necessary to understand the political risks involved in Argentina and then look for an insurance provider who will guarantee these risks. It will be necessary to look for an insurance provider who clearly understands these risks and w ho is able to look at the way in which the business can be shielded from this kind of risk. Thirdly, the manager should consider combining risk and covering them with one insurance policy. There are a number of risks associated with doing international business in Argentina and this will require combining risks when buying an insurance policy. In this regard, it will be necessary to understand the various risks which can be combined in order to make sure that the business is well protected. For instance, apart from political risks, there are other non-political risks which must be looked at in this regard, instead of having a different policy for each risk it could be useable to have one umbrella policy which will protect the business from all the risks. Fourth, constant communication about the contract after it has been put in place is also very important. This is because Argentinas political environment is very volatile and therefore the nature and extent of political risks in Ar gentina keep changing over time. Fifthly, constant review and update of the insurance contract is necessary because political risks can change with regard to which regime is in power and also depending on seasons such as the electioneering season. With a country which does not have a concrete public policy, the nature of the presidential term is purely

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Select a set of media freedom violations-related either to the Essay

Select a set of media freedom violations-related either to the Israeli-Palestinian OR the Iraq conflict or to both - Essay fontWhat is responsible journalism? It is such that the journalist is not biased and does not ignore all the details surrounding the subject or issue universe reported. Since responsible means liable to give account of ones actions and duty therefore responsible journalism stub mean the journalist cosmos answerable for what he/she reports. However, in this world driven by profits media has also been affected and as a result in order to don a greater audience news is often sensationalized and comprises of half-truths. A greater audience helps in ensuring greater number of advertisements on the media and hence more revenue. As far as media responsibility is concerned what is meant by responsibility in this case is defined by the media regulatory body in the county. For example PEMRA is Pakistans electronic media regulatory body and it does not allow the ads ru n and programs aired on TV to be against the fundamentals of Islam or derogatory towards important Muslim personalities. However, having a media regulatory body alone is not enough for any country and punishing media for not following the guidelines provided must be followed strictly to check into compliance. One problem with media regulatory bodies is that e genuinely country has its own culture and religion because of which the guidelines that apply on journalism in one country can be contradictory to those applicable on journalism in another country. This can result in the coverage of the same story in very different ways.In the paragraphs below the Israel/ Palestinian nuclear controversy will be discussed as reported by two famous media groups namely the middle-east ground Al-Jazeera and Haareetz. After doing so the approach of the two groups towards the same issue will be compared and ultimately it will be found out who was involved in responsible journalism.Lets look at two reports found on the internet regarding the

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Assignment 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

6 - Assignment ExampleSome of the differences between managers are leadership are that managers are administers while leaders are innovates and that managers are neer original in their positions or even capacities but leaders are original (McCue & jack up 42-51). A manager tends to maintain status quo, focusses on control, and has a short-range view while a leader develops, focuses on people, inspires trust, and has a long-range perspective. Managers ask how and when, has eye on the bottom line while leaders ask what and why, and have eye on the horizon.A leader or a manager are two words that are used interchangeably to describe individuals holding formal authorities in organizations irrespective of their behavior in such positions. A manager does not necessarily exercise leadership in positions in which they are appointed even though leadership is just part of management. Generally, there are skills or traits that an effective leader is essential to have as explained by variou s theories both old and contemporary theories. Some of the main traits that appear in leaders are ambition, zeal, intelligence, self-directive, and self-confidence (McCue & Jack 45-57). At times, physical characteristics, capability, and persona may be important aspects used to summarize what a leader is. There are six distinct characters that familiar effective leaders have such as honesty and integrity. In addition, drive, motivation, cognitive ability, and business knowledge are also other characteristics of leaders. These traits would definitely jazz whether a manager will be an effective leader or not. Leaders are incredibly ambitious persons who are never afraid of taking inventiveness as well as people whom apart from willingness to lead, are especially ready to take charge.Furthermore, leaders usually have technical expertness in their businesses and are straightforward people who fulfill their promises. Leaders are individuals who

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questions - Assignment ExampleThis seemed like a very difficult proposition for my high school and college years. Within the online environment, I could use the dodging of setting small tasks for myself that read to be completed within the allocated time. I can also put deadlines so that my tasks get accomplished in a quick and easy way.I have known a friend who is never able to manage time no matter how hard he tries. The differences that I have noticed in him have included the fact that he is of all time rushing for things and he usually asserts his own self in a much less manner about things as I do. The result is that he usually ends up being late on about of the occasions.The biggest time management challenge that I face at the moment is of managing deadlines. These deadlines create problems for me since all of them are usually one after the other and then my mind is always in a loop to solve the anomalies which exist. The strategy that I can make the best use of is taking o ne deadline at a time and working to full effect towards the completion of the task at hand. This will make me go with the flow and not to rush up things (Sternglass 1997).An active learner is a person who is proactively consistent with his learning endeavors. A passive learner, on the other hand, tries to learn where there is a dire need to study and get acquainted with the different study regimes. I am an active learner since I remain abreast with the changing times.6-Describe how you usually line up when you take a sieve-your emotions (positive and negative) and level of confidence. If you usually experience negative emotions when you take a test, describe how youd like to feel instead. Be as specific as you can.I usually feel very good when I test my emotions. I usually experience positive emotions whenever I take a test since I am always ready and willing to take a test. Since I want to achieve the best possible grades, I am always geared to give in my very best and this

Monday, June 17, 2019

Personal Responsibility for College Success after 50 Essay

Personal Responsibility for College Success after 50 - Essay Example disrespect the many forms of academic support, personal responsibility plays a significant role in college success. Most emphasis lies on out of sieve work and studying. With unfinished duties other than education, one inevitably to utilize time efficiently (Blerkom, 2008). Students need to organize their time and activities properly in order to accomplish their objectives. One needs to set their priorities first in order to enhance both the mission and vision, after joining university (Groccia, 1992). Time management should also apply in the paid and social life of a student in order to ensure that one has enough time for family and work, which are also important.As mentioned earlier, university schedules vary from gamy school schedules. Universities lack a rigid timetable therefore, management of time poses as a great challenge. The student benefits from organizational tools such as a timetable, calendar, cu sp and personal timetable. On the other hand, signing up for evening classes or weekend classes assist in time management. Sometimes the absence in class is inevitable, but one has to catch up and update their notes to avoid any backlog.Elderly students face a great challenge in college. With time as the greatest enemy, proper time management assists in prompt achievement of goals. Additionally, setting ones priorities allows easy achievement of target objectives, which involves getting proper grades and utter

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Critical Appraisal of a Clinical Guideline Essay

Critical Appraisal of a Clinical Guideline - Essay ExampleIt is against this backdrop that this essay is seeking to critically review and appraise the explore undertaken by Chan, Lopel And Chung. Research Design The aim of the look for was stated as to investigate the perceptions of coronary heart disease among a sample of Hong Kong Chinese people. qualitative study was conducted using focus class interviews. To a very large extent, qualitative explore has been endorsed as a very appropriate research methodology for social rather than scientific researches. Since this research was set out to find the perceptions of people about a health related issue, it could be concluded that this is a social research. To this effect, it is right the qualitative research was use. Ereaut (2011) notes that Qualitative research seeks out the why, not the how of its topic through the analysis of unstructured information things handle interview transcripts. This also means that the choice of inte rview as a research design was appropriate since the research method was a qualitative research method. These two points not withstanding, in relating the research design, which was group interview to the aim of the research, it could be give tongue to that the researchers could have resorted to one-on-one interview instead of group interview. This is because the research aim focused on finding the perception of people on the coronary heart disease. In a situation like this where peoples perception are sort in a group interview, it is likely that the view, ideas and perceptions of some people would be influenced by others in the same interview group and would therefore undermine the core aim of the research, which is to find the individual perception of people. Sampling The researchers clearly stated the recruitment method or strategy used saying that Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used (Choi et al, 2010). They also explained how the participants were selected stati ng that The LRP participants were recruited from the public domains Participants in the MRF and MI groups were recruited from one cardiac rehabilitation and prevention centre in the community-based hospital (Choi et al, 2010). Again, the researchers were clear on why the participants recruited were the most appropriate for the study. To this effect, they wrote that The LRP participants had three or less CHD risk factors The MRF participants had four or more CHD risk factors with or without a history of CHD, and the MI participants had a medical diagnosis of MI (Choi et al, 2010). Relating the recruitment strategy to literature, Treweek et al (2010) explain that there should be sufficient participants for the research. In this direction, it can be said that the researchers were right in choosing to pick participants from as many as three different quarters. Again, Treweek et al (2010) posit that it is appropriate that participants experience which treatment they are receiving in the trial, rather than having some of them receive a placebo or dummy intervention to mask this. In this area also, it could be said that the researchers took the right step because it was clearly stated that Each eligible participant recruited was given detailed explanation of the nature and purpose of the study. They were also informed that fraternity was on a voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time.

Saturday, June 15, 2019

3-5 year sample marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3-5 year sample marketing plan - Essay ExampleThe features of the products are completely in line with the commission statement of the company, which aims to improve quality and convenience of the lives of customers or users of the product. The key features of the new kitchen appliance areQuality of the mission statement can be seen in the supreme quality of the product and the convenience part can be seen in the fact that the product is light, easy to use, and has multiple features which makes it convenient to use.Following the three way classification of consumer goods, which divides goods as convenience goods, shopping goods and specialty goods this product can be classified as a shopping good because it lead not be purchased regularly, like, milk, butter (convenience goods) or very rarely, like, luxury cars and designer goods (specialty goods).In order to consider the appropriate target market, following variables can be considered by the company gender, household income, mari tal status and presence of children in the families (Pride & Ferrell, 2011). Kitchen appliances are particularly required by women for helping themselves in the kitchen. Income of the families will in any case be a major determinant for recognizing the probable customers. However, the company is trying to fix the price of the product reasonably, so that middle income group can substantially afford it. The presence of children will also enhance the sales, as children love home baked cakes and the blender would hugely serve the purpose. So, basically women of the family with little children compliance the primary target market for the company.Competitive Rivalry The competitive rivalry is very high in the kitchen appliance assiduity as competitors are chiefly global ones, like, Haier, Electrolux, Whirlpool and Morphy Richards, to name a few (Letto-Gillies, 1996). The growth of any industry automatically slows down as it matures and competitors become more alike, given that the in dustry conventions emerge,

Friday, June 14, 2019

Discussion of the theories on Optimal Capital Structure Essay

Discussion of the theories on Optimal Capital Structure - Essay ExampleThe study by Modigliani and milling machine was based on the following assumptions1.There atomic number 18 no brokerage costs.2.There are no taxes.3.There are no bankruptcy costs.4.Investors trick borrow at the same rate as corporations.5.All investors have the same in smorgasbordation as management about the pisseds prox investment opportunities.6.EBIT is not affected by the use of debt.This theory says that if these assumptions hold true, the value of the firm is not affected by the capital structure. This situation is verbalized as followsVL = VU = SL + D.Here VL is the value of a levered firm, VU is the value of an identical, unlevered firm, SL is the value of the levered firms stock and D is the value of its debt.As we know that WACC is a combine of cost of debt and cost of equity. The cost of debt is lower than the cost of equity. As a company raises capital through debt, the weight of debt increases a nd hence, it drives up the cost of equity as equity gets riskier. According to the assumptions by Modigliani and Miller, the cost of equity increases by an amount to keep the WACC constant. In other words, under these assumptions it does not matter whether the firm uses debt or equity to raise capital. So, capital structure decisions are irrelevant in such conditions. Modigliani and Miller The Effect of Corporate Taxes In 1963, Modigliani and Miller relaxed the assumption that thither are no corporate taxes. The corporate tax laws favour debt financing over equity financing because the tax laws allow companies to deduct interest payments as expense and on the other hand dividends are not deductible. So this treatment encourages debt financing. Interest payments reduce the amount the firm pays to the government in the form of taxes and more of its cash is available for its investors. Hence, tax deductibility of the interest payments acts as a shield for the firms income before tax. M odigliani and Miller presented this concept as follows VL = VU + measure out of side effects = VU + PV of tax shield. They further simplified the concept as VL = VU + TD. Here T is the corporate tax rate and D is the amount of debt. This consanguinity is expressed in the graph below. If the corporate tax rate is 40%, then this formula implies that every dollar of debt will increase the value of the firm by 40 cents. Hence, the optimal capital structure is 100% debt. Under this theory, the cost of equity increases as the amount of debt increases but it does not increase as fast as it does under the assumption that there are no taxes. As a result, under this theory the WACC falls as the amount of debt increases. This kinship is shown in the following graph. Miller The Effect of corporate and personal taxes Later Miller brought in the aspect of personal taxes in this model. He said that income from the bonds is considered as interest which is taxed as personal income at a particular rate (Td). On the other hand, income from stocks comes in the form of dividends and capital gains. The tax on semipermanent capital gains is deferred until the stock is sold and the gain is realized. Of the stock is held until the owner dies no capital gains tax is paid. So he concluded that the returns on stock are taxed at a lower effective tax rate (Ts) than returns on debt. Looking gat this, Miller argued

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Edward Hopper Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Edward groundball Style - Essay ExampleThe essay Edward Hopper Style discovers the application of Edward Hoppers painting style to digital image manipulation. It was a time in which the people of France were attempting to gain a break off animationstyle for themselves by demanding rights for the common man as had been accomplished in America less than a generation earlier. In attempting to accurately reflect life in all of its objective detail, French prowessists adopting a Realist approach worked to find the most common examples of French life. They sought the people of the fields and villages and then render them in their most humble and mundane activities. The major ideas that fueled French realism are discussed within the writings of two different but powerful artists of the period, Gustave Courbet and Ferdnand Leger. Only by understanding the principles of realism as they were developed in this first wave of artistic endeavor can one can scram to understand how they appli ed to the world of America as it emerged from the bloodiest war fought on American soil and became the hallmark of one of Americas favorite artists, Edward Hopper. French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) asserted that painting is an essentially concrete art and can only consist in the representation of real and existing things. In his art and in his philosophy, Courbets chief technical concern seems to be an giving up of the rules of art, at least to some degree, in favor of a more inbred flow in both line and form. Courbet felt such jittery elements.... In his art and in his philosophy, Courbets chief technical concern seems to be an abandonment of the rules of art, at least to some degree, in favor of a more natural flow in both line and form. Courbet felt such rough elements of the painting were more accurate in attempting to represent the moment as it existed as well as the emotion of the moment in which the piece was created or the scene was witnessed. His close associatio n with the realism of life as it was experienced by the humble peasantry as well as in his own careful utterance of it helped Courbet develop a more intense identification with his subject. By 1850, his ideas regarding what was real in the world and in art were becoming more defined. This is clear in a letter he wrote to a friend, in our so very civilized society it is necessary for me to live the life of a savage. I moldiness be free even of governments. The people have my sympathies, I must address myself to them directly (cited in Insecula, 2008). Within the philosophy of his Realist Manifesto, Courbet states the goal of Realist art is to say the customs, the ideas, the appearance of my epoch according to my own estimation (cited in Finnochio, 2004). Within this approach, it is clear that Courbet held a concept of the real that was based almost exclusively upon the previously unrepresented classes of society and their unreported and unknown daily experiences. Approaching art from this perspective, though, Courbet was equally guilty of making decisions regarding what to paint based upon his own inner conceptions of what was common and unrepresented. As a result, he was essentially making up his own definition of society and presenting this

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Hedging an Account Payable Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hedging an Account Payable - Case Study ExampleThis financial agreement is a trade that involves the exchange of whizz and interest in one currency for the same in another currency after a specific period of time. It is considered to be a international exchange transaction entirely is not ask by law to be shown on the balance sheet.In this type, there should not only be a need for our US based order to acquire Pounds but also the UK supplier needing US dollars. If such is the case, both companies could arrange to swap currencies by establishing an interest rate, an agreed upon amount and a car park maturity date for the exchange. Currency swap maturities are negotiable for at least 10 years, do them a very flexible method of immaterial exchange. This may be recommendable considering that the UK supplier has a subsidiary in the US which may need US dollars for its transactions. The data available to us however indicates does not contain any information regarding this. (Invest opedia, 2006a) (Wikipedia, 2006a).Rather a popular form of swap, the interest rate swap is a financial agreement in which one party exchanges a stream of interest for another partys stream. Interest rate swaps are normally fixed against be adrift but can also be fixed against fixed or floating against floating rate swaps. Interest rate swaps are used to change the companys exposure to interest rate fluctuations by swapping fixed-rate obligations for floating rate obligations or vice versa. To understand how each party would benefit from thisIt is considered to be a foreign exchange transaction but is not required by law to be shown on the balance sheet.In this type, there should not only be a need for our US based company to acquire Pounds but also the UK supplier needing US dollars. If such is the case, both companies could arrange to swap currencies by establishing an interest rate, an agreed upon amount and a common maturity date for the exchange. Currency swap maturities are ne gotiable for at least 10 years, making them a very flexible method of foreign exchange. This may be recommendable considering that the UK supplier has a subsidiary in the US which may need US dollars for its transactions.

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Human Resources Management and Organisational Dynamics Essay

Human Resources Management and Organisational Dynamics - Essay Examplen on existence for 23 years now, it is hold as the largest independent descent process outsourcing (BPO) player in Asia, employing no less than 2,000 Filipinos. Its expanse of BPO services diversely cover medical transcription, data novelty / encoding and software support services, mainly delivered for Fortune 500 blue chip companies.One of the strategies of SPI is to find and select employees who have the right orientation towards start and productivity right at the onset. SPI advocates the idea of a right hire resulting to a quick start. Based on strategic objectives and plans, competency requirements are fixed down on a per position - per level basis. These competencies then travel the basis of all HR systems, linking these systems clearly and logically. These same competency requirements then become the basis for targeted selection, against which potential employees are behaviorally assessed. This implies that right at the start at the first step of hiring, that SPI employees blend well into the organizations culture and business strategy.Competencies are general descriptions of the abilities necessary to perform a role in the organization. These are usually described in measurable terms. They differ from job descriptions part job descriptions typically list the tasks or functions and responsibilities for a role, competencies list the abilities needed to conduct those tasks or functions (McNamara, 2005).Assessing an individuals specific strengths and development needs as they relate to the success profiles across levels of supervisors, managers and executive is a key component to selection, development, and promotion decisions.Information and data used to drive these decisions must be right and objective.Targeted Selection is a system designed to meet the needs of a diversified workforce, offers a solution to common selection problems. Targeted Selection takes a systems onset to selection decisions All aspects

Monday, June 10, 2019

Definition of The Word Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Definition of The Word Technology - Essay ExampleThe discovery of one technology paves the way for the discovery of a nonher red-hot technology because there is no short cut to success. In order to achieve a goal, we deem to move step by step. Human beings have made rapid inroads into the world of technology.The world technology plays a pivotal role in this world. For me, the word technology is very important. I see it the cockeyed to peace, stability, and prosperity. Technology has revolutionized the world in the past, making better out lives in the present time and making it easy to tackle future challenges to the world. The wheel is regarded as one of the greatest discovery and technology by man because it had revolutionized the transportation. Another important technology was the move engine, and it was discovered by James Watt. The discovery of the steam engine paved the way for the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century in England. Later, 19th and 20th centuries wi tnessed great inventions and technological advancements in the history of the world. And no in the 21st century, with each day we are finding new and new solutions to our problems. Gone are the days when people had been influenced by the environment. In raw day world, benignant beings are at the helm of the world.Some people mistakenly think that only computer science related innovations are technology. It is not true. Technology can be any scientific method of performing work in less effort and more productivity. It is well-established fact that necessity is the sustain of invention or technology. So from this fact, it is evident that every invention or technology is for virtually benefit of human beings. It is important to mention here that some technologies are invented to destroy human beings rather than serve human beings. Atom bombs and Hydrogen bombs are perfect examples of this fact.The technology is so much important for human beings. Technology has revolutionized the w orld. We did not get here in a day.

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Introduction of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction of Management - Essay ExampleFor instance, making decisions some how to cut costs by five percent reflects a fuss. The animal trainer also has to make decisions when there is an opportunity that can be exploited. If the firm has superfluous funds, the manager has to decide whether the extra funds should be used to increase shargonholder dividends, reinvested in current operations, or to expand into new markets.The quality of managers decisions is the yard measure of their effectiveness and value to the arrangement. Managers are usually evaluated and rewarded on the basis of the importance and results of their decisions. (P. Drucker) This indicates that managers must necessarily develop decision-making skills.The success of an organization depends greatly on the decisions that managers make. (Management ancillary Program) The Rational model which is believed to be one of the major types of models regarding how managers make decisions is discussed below.The rational model of managerial decision-making has its roots in the sparing theory of the firm. When theories about the economic theory of the firm. When theories about the economic behavior of business firms were being developed, there was a general tendency among economists to assume that whatever decisions managers made would always be in the best economic interests of their firms. There was a tremendous support for this assumption from many thinkers of management. The rational model of decision-making believes that managers engage in a decision-making execute which is totally rational. They not only have all the relevant information needed to take decisions but also are aware of all the practicable outcomes and consequence of the decision so taken by them (Administration). Decision-making is a systematic process and involves a series of steps. (Galbraith) Any decision making process consists fundamentally of the following steps. Identifying the Problem - The first step in the decision making process is identifying the problem. Prior to identifying the problem, it is essential to first recognize that a problem exists. The manager would have identified the problem when the administration department brings the problem with the photocopier to the notice of their superior - in this case the manager. This decision can be categorized as a non-programmed decision as the replacement of any kind of machines or equipment in a business is not done always. (Biz/ed) Non-programmed decisions are the ones which are taken in unforeseen conditions or which are unstructured.Identifying Resources and Constraints - Once the problem is identified and diagnosed, the manager should identify the resources and constraints relevant to the problem. Anything that can be used to solve the problem is a resource. Resources include people, money, materials, time, equipment, expertise, and information. On the other hand, constraints are the factors that limit managers efforts to solve the problem . With respect to the replacement of the photocopier, different companies which deal with that particular equipment, the marketing executives related to the equipment etc, are the resources. Constraints may be mismatch in the price and quality of the equipment, the supplier who can deliver the equipment at the earliest possible date.Generating Alternative Solutions - Once the problem, resources and constraints of the organization are identified, the next step would be to generate

Saturday, June 8, 2019

EBay as an International Business Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EBay as an International Business Firm - Essay ExampleFrench computer programmer Pierre Omidyar established the eBay on 3rd September, 1995 at San Jose, California. This establishment was actu solelyy in the favor of his wife to sale her collectibles. Initially the name of organization was AuctionWeb which was renamed as eBay in 1997 (catalogs.com). A laser printer amounting $14.83 was the first sold item. In November 1996, eBay made its first third-party licensing deal with Electronic Travel Auction to sell air tickets and different travel products. The identify hosted 250,000 and 2,000,000 auctions during 1996 and 1997 respectively (Lewis, 2008). In 2002, the company bought PayPal, the leading transaction medium of the world. In 2008, the companys revenue reached 7.7 billion dollars and the enduringness of manpower exceeded by 15,000. eBay successfully purchased the rights of Skype in 2009 for an amount of 2.75 billion dollars (Washington Post, 2009) Scope of Business eBay is an international firm which deals a huge of variety of items for sale and purchase. This huge list of items include a variety of collectibles in the field of electronics, fashion, motors, antiquates, sports, household items, movies, music and games etc. The firm uses PayPal for payment which is one of the fastest, secure, and the largest online transaction medium. Key Management of eBay Corporate and strategic intend are fundamentals of this facet of the firm. It includes the Management Information System (MIS) and some other controlling agencies like accounting, electricity, and human resource departments. However, eBay provides a web establish environment works which is like newspapers-classified section. It entertains consumer to consumer transactions but does not take responsibility of the custody of sold items. Areas of Operations Presently eBay operates about 30 countries in terms of different categories of its business. The countries include Argentina, Austria, Australia, Belgi um, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, France, Hungary, Hong Kong, Ireland, India, Italy, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States (www.ebay.com). Achievements After launching in 1995, the firm has done tremendous achievements in all facets of business. Today about 147 million people use this site in more than 30 countries across the globe. After 16 years, the company manpower strength has reached about 17,700 (finance.yahoo.com). The company market capitalization had surpassed that of even Amazon.com, helping to make it the worlds most worthwhile Internet retail outlet. In 1997, thither have been 40 types of products available the actual publishing associated with collectibles as well as antiques experienced a significant growth. Other categories with regard to these things were demanded by customers. At social level, the primary concern of eBay had been to ascertain confidence amongst remote control as well as unknown potential traders that could possibly in no way have interaction yet again. This had been done through the review programs pertaining to setting up reputations with online community subscribers who

Friday, June 7, 2019

Computer Information Specialist Essay Example for Free

Computer Information Specialist EssayComputer Information Specialist, Inc. (CIS) filed a protest of the gift of a contract to Open Technology Group, Inc. (OTG). CIS responded to a request for purposes (RFP) No. NLM-030101/SAN by the Department of Health and Human Services for telecommunications support services at the mental representations Bethesda, Maryland facility. The solicitation specified a requirements contract with fixed periodical rates for a base year with four 1-year options. The agency intended to award the contract based on best value with several non-price criteria as the most heavily weighted factors. Proposals were to include fully-loaded, fixed hourly rates for labor categories. The agency received numerous proposals and established a competitive range of four firms after initial evaluation. The range included CIS as well as OTG the eventual awardee. Following the contract award to OTG CIS underwent an agency debrief and subsequently filed a protest assert ing that both its proposal and the proposal of OTG were misevaluated.IssuesAgencies are required to evaluate proposals based solely on the evaluation factors identified in the solicitation. what is more, according to Federal Acquisition Regulations, they must adequately chronicle the reasons for their evaluation conclusions (FAR 15.308). GAO recommended to the agency was to, at a nominal reevaluate both proposals to ascertain if they were evaluated based on the evaluation factors and to determine if adequate rationale were articulated.Decisions (Holdings)Anthony H. Gamboa, universal Counsel wrote the recommendation. The protest was sustained. Reasoning (Rationale) GAO concluded that the Department of Health and Human Services misevaluated the proposals of both CIS and OTG, contract awardee. In addition, they found that the agencys misevaluation was negative to CIS, since there is a reasonable possibility that, but for the agencys errors, CIS might have been selected for award no twithstanding its higher price.Separate OpinionsNo differ opinion was published with GAOs decision.AnalysisGAO analyzed the proposals from both CIS and OTG against the RFPs stated evaluation criteria. The Department of Health and Human Services source picking team consisted of five evaluators. In the case of the proposal by CIS, the initial evaluation criticized the proposal for not offering personnel that met all of the solicitation minimum personnel experience requirements. CIS revised their proposal to cure this deficiency. In further evaluation, four of the five evaluators scored this area higher than the initial proposal. However, the fifth evaluator scored the proposal dramatically differently. In the first evaluation, only cursory notes were provided to support conclusions. In the second evaluation, most evaluators still provided limited support. However, the fifth evaluator provided comments.Many of the comments were all inaccurate or held not relation to evaluation crite ria. With regard to the OTG proposal, GAO determined that the solicitation failed to meet two of the evaluation criteria and should not have been accepted in the competitive range. It was also recommended that the agency terminate the contract awarded to OTG for the convenience of the government and make award to the firm found to be in line for award. Furthermore CIS was to be reimbursed all costs associated with the protest to include legal fees.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Controversial issues in psychology Essay Example for Free

Controversial issues in psychology EssayControversial issues in psychology are those that ca use up the greatest push within both psychology and within society as a whole. Advertising uses techniques of persuasion to manipulate races behaviour in the desired direction of the culprit of the persuasive message, which uses invasive and exploitative techniques and try to show that social norms and values are not always for the best. Advertisements are a set of shorthand signals nearly products we are to buy and the circumstances we would use them in. They are a ready source of stereotypes, sexual, regional and cultural, e. g. families are always happy and adults are always employed. The archetypical advertisement on TV in the UK was for Gibbs SRs toothpaste. The ad has become an icon of the consumer age, and psychologists have become increasingly fascinated by the art of persuading people, despite its controversies. What persuades people to buy or use the advertisers product or service is how the advert pull ins them feel, i. e. the meaning we attach to the advert. However the advert is interpreted by the individual, the impact of both advertisement is what it means to us. The author invites us to participate in constructing a meaning for the advert.OBarr (1994) suggests that advertisers create an advertisement for us to use as a soma to add flesh to and breathe life into. Another area controversy in advertising is that it is difficult to disentangle the impact of advertising from other influences that faculty be current at that time. Hedges (1982) points out that to the consumers, advertising is just part of their background advertisements form just one part of the sensory bombardment that we feel every day. We cannot stop to evaluate every piece of sensory input, so for the most part, advertisements are relegated to fairly low levels of consciousness.Advertisers use many psychological theories to make their work successful, including associating th eir product with a particular emotion or image. A need for an item must be created, therefore we must be motivated. In the case of pre-existent needs, such as for bread, the motive must be to buy a particular brand (e. g. through price, quality). Where there is no pre-existing need, it must be created, as in the case of childrens toys. Neurological research has shown that the left hemisphere of the brain is more concerned with practical functions such as language, where styles of response are, foe example, verbal and analytic.The right hemisphere is more concerned with spatial, imaginative processing, where responses concern feelings and are, perhaps, unconscious. Lannon and Cooper (1983) suggested that because of this, much advertising is geared towards the right hemisphere. steady marketing is a relatively new approach, which come outs those that have developed brand loyalty and become offensive when they are offered a new alternative. This creates problems for advertisers tryi ng to target new groups, so a blitz of free samples is distributed (fast marketing) so that everyone has a chance of trying out the new product.Consumers are then more likely to change their attitudes or opinions about the product, and so the advertisers will have succeeded. People are also more easily persuaded to change their minds after witnessing testimonials or adverts which use someone who they think is admirable or attractive, such as sports heroes or actresses (Pratkanis and Aronson, 1992). Advertisers typically pair an attractive person or item (unconditioned stimulus) with their product (conditioned stimulus) to bring a positive attitude towards their product (conditioned response). This helps to give positive attitudes towards the products.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Historical Roots Behind Refrigeration History Essay

Historical Roots Behind infrigidation History EssayThe infrigidation technology is an primal technology in that it slows down the growth of bacteria. In doing this, it lowers the risks of diseases. This is beca engage bacteria exist on the whole around us including in the intellectual nourishments that we eat. When the bacteria are supplied with enough nutrients and affable climatic conditions, they grow rapidly and hence can ca practice illnesses. refrigeration technology comes in hardy to stop the rapid multiplication of the bacteria and this is a benefit to the society in that its chances of f entirelying ill from Bacteria illnesses are reduced (Bauer, 1998)Historical roots behind infrigidation.The genuinely first artificial refrigeration known was the demonstration presented at the University of Glasgow by William Cullen in 1748. This disco real however was not use for any practical purpose. The first icebox was designed by Oliver Evans, an American inventor in 1748. B ut the first practical refrigerator was built in 1834 by Jacob Perkins. This refrigerator utilise vapor in a vapor muscular contraction rhythm. John Gorrie an American physician built a refrigerator in 1844 based on Evans design. This refrigerator was built with the aim of making ice to poise the crease for the yellow fever patients that he was treating. Carl Von Linden, a German engineer patented, in 1976 the process of coalesceing gas but not the refrigerator (Burstall, 65). Gas liquefaction is the basic part of refrigeration technology. The first refrigerators were made of wood cabinet and a compressor that was cooled with water. Steel and porcelain cabinets emerged in 1920s to replace the wooden refrigerators which were little effective. The evolutions of the refrigerators continue to improve in the 50s and 60s and they became better to suit the needs of the customers. Automatic ice makers and automatic defrost were added in the refrigerator with the aim of making them d rug user friendly and reduce the maintenance. The advanced day refrigeration technology is aimed at making the refrigerators more environments friendly (Ab issue.Com)The refrigeration process has not stopped evolving. The archaeozoic refrigerators of 1800 used toxic gas the resembling ammonia, methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide as the refrigerant. These were used up to 1929. In the 1920s, there are many fatal accidents which occurred. This was caused by the leaking of methyl chloride from the refrigerators. It was after this that 3 American corporations embarked on intensive research to come up with a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Their efforts led to the use of Freon which became a standard for all refrigerators. Freon was changed in 1996 and it was replaced with hydrofluorocarbon 134a. This was done so as to comply with The Regulatory Clean Air Act. The replacement was done because HFC 134a was less injurious to the environment and the Ozone as compared to Freon. Th e effectiveness of HFC 134a was just the same as Freon and the users of refrigerators did not notice any difference.The table below shows the milestones achieved in the refrigeration technology.MilestonesBC1000 The Chinese cut and stored ice500 Egyptians and Indians made ice on cold nights by setting water out in earthenware potsAD1700 In England, servants collected ice in the winter and put it into icehouses for use in the summer1720 Dr. William Cullen, a Scotsman, studied the evaporation of liquids in a vacuum1805 Oliver Evans of Pennsylvania, compressed ether gondola, the machine is never built1820 Michael Faraday, a Londoner, liquefied ammonia to cause cooling1834 Jacob Perkins, ether vapor compression cycle, Ice Making Machine1844 James Harrison of Australia invents compressed ether machine1850 Edmond Carre of France, invents an absorption process machine1852 William Thomson James Prescott cooling increases in proportion to the blackmail difference1855 Dr. John Gorrie builds compression refrigeration system based on Faradays experiments.1856 James Harrison commissioned by a brewery to build a machine that cooled beer.1859 Ferdinand Carre of France, essential the first ammonia/water refrigeration machine1871 Carl von Linde of Germany published an essay on improved refrigeration techniques1873 Carl von Linde first practical and portable compressor refrigeration machine was built in Munich1874 Raoul Pictet of Switzerland, a compressor system use sulfur dioxide instead of ammonia1876 Carl von Linde, aboriginal models he used methyl ether, but changed to an ammonia cycle1878 von Linde starts Lindes Eismaschinen AG, (Society for Lindes Ice Machines), now Linde AG1881 Edmund J. Copeland and Arnold H. Gross start Leonard Refrigerator Company1894 Linde developed a new method (Linde technique) for the liquefaction of large quantities of air.1894 Linde AG installs refrigerator at the Guinness brewery in Dublin, Ireland1895 Carl von Linde produced large amounts of liquid air using the Thomson-Joule effect1901 Patent 665,814 issued January 10, for a Refridgeator (Ice Box) invented by Henry Trost.1911 General Electric company unveiled a refrigerator invented by a French monk. Abbe Audiffren1913 Fred W. Wolf Jr.of the Domelre Company (DOMestic Electric Refrigerator)1914 Leonard Refrigerator Company renamed Electro-Automatic Refrigerating Company1915 Alfred Mellowes starts guardian Frigerato to build first self-container refrigerator for home use1916 Servel models compressors were generally driven by motors located in the basement1916 Henry Joy of Packard Motor Car Co. purchased the Fred W. Wolf refrigerator rights1918 Guardian Frigerato purchased by General Motors and renamed Frigidaire1918 Electro-Automatic Refrigerating Company renamed Kelvinator1920 there were some 200 different refrigerator models on the food market.1922 Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters introduce absorption process refrigerator1923 Kelvinator held 80 percent of the market for electric refrigerators1923 AB Arctic.begins production of refrigerators based on Platen-Munters invention1925 Electrolux purchases AB Arctic and launches the D-fridge on the world market1925 Steel and porcelain cabinets began coming into court in the mid-20s1927 first refrigerator to see widespread use was the General Electric Monitor-Top refrigerator.1930 first built-in refrigerator is launched by Electrolux1931 Dupont produced commercial quantities of R-12, trademarked as Freon1931 the first air-cooled refrigerator introduced by Electrolux1932 Gibson, then owned by Frank Gibson, manufactured its own line of refrigerators.1934 an innovation, the Shelvador refrigerator, was introduced by the Crosley Radio Corporation1936 Albert Henne synthesizes refrigerant R-134a1937 more than 2 million Americans owned refrigerators.1939 refrigerator with one section for frozen food and a second for chilled food, introduced by G. E.1946 Mass production of young refrigerators didnt get s tarted until after World War II.1947 GE two-door refrigerator-freezer combination1955 80% of American homes now thrust refrigerators2005 A domestic refrigerator is present in 99.5% of American homesTable 1. Source The Great Idea FinderIs refrigeration an old or a new technology.Refrigeration is an old technology that started a commodious time ago. Refrigeration concept can be state to originate from the prehistoric times. During this period, man found that the meat he had hunted lasted bimestrial when stored in the cool areas of the cave or when packed in snow. The early man found that when he stored his game in cold temperatures, it lasted for long. He thusly hunted excess game which he kept in cold temperatures and he would eat this meat when the food was in short supply. As the early man progressed, he started using ice which he harvested in winter to use in summer. Ice was also harvested from lakes and rivers to be used for the purpose of refrigeration.Adding chemicals like s odium and potassium nitrate to water so as to lower its temperatures was the next stage in the history of refrigeration. It is recorded that this method was used to cool wine in 1550. The use of mechanical refrigeration started in the last quarter of the 19th century. This evolution was a long slow process (Trevor, 1978)Has refrigeration led to any type of social change?The refrigeration technology can be said to have a great impact to women in particular. This is because women are viewed as the domestic worker (Cowan, 137-138). Though this mentality has changed in the modern world, there is still the thought that the domestic world belongs to women. The refrigerators can be seen to symbolize the freedom of house wives. They have saved women from preserving foods in the old fashioned ways of salting, smoking or dehydrating. The air conditioning has contributed immensely to the breeding of the hot and humid areas both socially and economically. This has been achieved through creatio n of habitable environments with desired temperatures and humidity levels in office buildings and private homes (Barbara, 2003)Benefits of refrigeration to the societyRefrigeration has changed the lifestyles of the society in various ways. One can buy food for a whole week without fear of it getting spoiled after refrigeration. Cooked food can also be stored for long without getting spoilt. Salting of food as a method of preservation is long forgotten. The food preserved using this method did not even last for a long time. One can also get a cold drink during the hottest summer and this seemed like a dream before refrigeration wad invented. Fruits, vegetables and even flowers can be kept freshly for a long period of time with refrigeration. The modern life is in the fast lane. This has called for most people to be working for long hours or working two jobs. In homes both partners may be supple for up to a whole week and hence no time for everyday cooking. With refrigeration, they can cook as much food as possible when they are free and storing it in refrigerators and they can eat it throughout the week. This saves them much time which could have been wasted ion cooking after work. With refrigeration, the temperature of the food is get down and thus the food can be kept for long to be used later without getting spoiled (Shephard, 29)Refrigeration is also widely used for the purposes of air conditioning in homes, public buildings and restaurants. It is also used for refrigeration of foodstuffs in restaurants and also in large storage warehouses. Refrigerators have become very common in the United States. Most American homes started using refrigerators a long time ago. More than 80 % of the rural American and more than 90% of urban American homes used owned a refrigerator by the year 1950 (Historychannel.com)Refrigeration is also used commercially and in manufacturing industries. It is used to liquefy gases including oxygen, nitrogen, propane, and methane. It is used to compress and condense water vapor in compressed air purification. This process is aimed at reducing the moisture content of compressed air. In industries like petrochemical, refineries and chemical plants, refrigeration is important as it is used for the maintenance of certain chemical processes and reactions at low temperatures. An example is in the production of mellow octane gasoline component where the alkylations of butanes and butane is done at low temperatures (Noor, 2009)Refrigeration is therefore a vital technology in many sectors of the economy like the dairy industry, the meat industry, fish and pork industry and also in the fruits and vegetables sector. In the non food sectors, refrigeration is used in school laboratories to store chemicals, samples and cultures. It is also the technology that is used to preserver corpses in morgues.Detrimental effects of refrigeration to the society.The refrigerant used in refrigerators has a negative effect on the environme nt. Though the use of CFC has been banned, some manufactures may fail the old stocks of refrigerators which use CFC. These are detrimental to the ozone layer. The HFCs being used on modern refrigerators are strong jet plane house gas emitters. Though they do not harm the ozone, they destroy the environment that we live-in. Refrigeration contributes to the global warming. Though HFCs were seen as the solution to refrigeration, it has a very high potential of global warming. This contribution is cod to direct emissions of the refrigerant gases. Most of these emissions are due to leakage of the refrigerant into the environment either due to poor maintenance and containment. Freon was seen as been salutaryr to the consumer though it had negative impacts on the environment. Clean Air Act was passed in 1990 and it restricted use of CFCs. Many industries had no some other choice than to be forced to phase out CFCs in their products (Gopalnarayanan, 19)Refrigeration as a symbol of grow th.Refrigeration has allowed many families and industries to keep food fresh for long periods of time. It is a symbol of growth in that most families are small and they occupy a small piece of land and hence there is no quadruplet for keeping livestock and evolution different varieties of fruits and vegetables. Also most modern families live in towns and cities where there are no gardens for growing fruits and vegetables or keeping animals. This does not therefore mean that because these families are limited by these factors, they cannot enjoy a varied and balanced diet. Supermarkets have stocked all types of me4at, eggs, vegetables and eggs in their refrigerated shelves. These customers come and buy the same and stock it in their refrigerators. The fish, poultry, dairy products and vegetables can be kept in the same space of the refrigerator within the kitchen.Refrigeration is an important symbol of growth and societal progress in that the society can enjoy a variety of salads, f ruits and vegetables all year long without having and tilling their own garden. The society can also enjoy dairy products without having their own dairy animals, meat products without owning beef cattle, egg products without reproduction their own poultry and all kinds of fish without having a fish pond all year round. Also other types of foods from far off countries are madder available to the society. These food products are shipped or delivered by air under refrigeration.Refrigeration allows purchase of goods in large scale and in bulk. With regard to economies of scale, this saves on money. It has become possible to enjoy ice cream which may have been produced from abroad unlike in the past where ice cream was eaten on the taint at the place of manufacture. Through refrigeration world trade has been opened up and refrigerated goods from one country can be easily market in another without the fear of spoilage.Refrigeration technology has acted as a source of employment to many people. The direct employees include the refrigeration experts, technicians mechanics and installers. These are mainly people employed by air conditioning, plumbing and heating contractors and companies. Indirect employment involve people in other sectors e.g. in shops that sell the refrigeration equipments, dairy farmers, fishermen and fruits and vegetable farmers.How government institutions helped shape refrigeration.Government as a regulator- the government through the Environmental Protection Agency has set standards for supervise and regulating refrigerant leaks. There are other regulations and strict standards that have been set by the government regarding green house emissions from the refrigerants. The government has identified CFCs, HCFCs, and PFCs as ozone depleting gases (ODS) and also global warming gases and has therefore prohibited their use as refrigerants. These are the gases commonly used for HVAC and in AC units. Many US states have increased the demand for a deta iled refrigerant reporting requirement (Stouffer, 1998).Government as consumer- many government buildings, both central and federal government, is installed with air conditioners, refrigerators and other heating and cooling systems that use the refrigeration technology. Also government hospitals and other governmental organizations are installed with refrigeration systems. This is evident that the government is a major consumer of the refrigeration technology.Is refrigeration an example of deterministic technology or socially constructed technology.In my opinion, refrigeration is a socially constructed technology. Refrigeration does not determine the merciful actions but rather it is the human actions that have shaped refrigeration. The need for fresh products has resulted into the invention of the refrigeration technology. Human beings actions are such that they are very busy either in work places or in school and hence have no time to cook fresh foods every day. This has led to the study of the refrigeration technology. With its development, the human beings are now able to cook more food whenever they are free which they can refrigerate and eat them for a long period of time.AbstractRefrigeration can be said to the process of heat removal from substances. It is done with the aim of lowering the temperature of the substance and maintaining that low temperature. Refrigeration in food is done to reduce the risk of bacteria survival. Bacteria are responsible for most of the illnesses. The technology of refrigeration can be said to have started a long time ago. Its evolution is still continuing as we seek to find the best refrigerant that can be safe to us and to our environment. Refrigeration has been associated with a lot of benefits in our homes and in the society at large. Many homes in the United States are now equipped with a refrigerator.Important words used refrigerator, fridge, fridgerator, refrigeration, Carl Linde, Carl von Linde, William Cullen, O liver Evans, Fred Wolf, Linde, William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, James Prescott Joule, invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, CFC, HCFC, ODS,AC, HAVC.