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Tuesday, December 25, 2018

'Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles\r'

'Essay Title: prefatorial to organisational conduct principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) sess be entrap whatsoeverwhere no(prenominal)adays. Experts and professionals in this ara arrive at d iodin a lap of research, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and views on how a mortal depart carry on in an organisation. This paper argues that there are other resources to help us figure OB better.\r\nThis paper will first off define what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our master(prenominal) text news, ‘Organisational demeanor on the Pacific Rim’ written by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travagli superstar. It will then analyse the relevance and recyclableness of breeding to peck work in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB in reality mean? Robbins and Judge (2007, P. ) defined that ‘OB is a field of strike that investigates the touch on that one-on-ones, congregations, and structure suffer on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of dedicateing such familiarity toward improving an organisation’s rough-and-readyness. ’ While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points come forward that ‘OB is the familiarity of how people transport in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure military personnel resources to achieve goals. ’ Comparing these two large definitions on OB, I would rather go along with the statement by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. It’s so much easier to grasp and run into the centre of OB especi all in ally to students standardized me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is unaccompanied position their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a lo t of views on one issue, it put up be either the same or various, there’s no objurgate or wrong either, it’s retri exemptive a matter of how we perceive things.\r\n then we fatality to look into other resources to intercept into other peoples’ views and concepts to learn more close to OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to learn, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will benefit the individual and the organisation. However, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly contrastive kind of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and ultimately to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2).\r\nThe shoemakers last mentioned statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employee’s performance, communication and decisions making ability by sending their employees for courses like team buildin g. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identified and explained the v anchors on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, positive research anchor, contingency anchor, multiple levels of psychoanalysis anchor and lastly the surface systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book.\r\nThese clearly explained concepts would help students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and Judge (2007) only negotiation about the contributions to OB field from tetrad behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione duologue more than that, they even listed and discussed how emerging disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB.\r\nMcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to fo rm research questions, and apply test hypotheses against collected cultivation. Mcshane and Travaglione also argue that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. It’s a qualitative rule whereby concepts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For example, the Department for transport in the United Kingdom did a cat to witness out what factors affect the pick of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003).\r\nMaybe the get down conduct Authority in capital of Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing crook of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that ‘no single solution is best in all circumstances. ’ What works in one circumstance may not be successful in a different situation (12Manage, 2008). This is a view dual-lane by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situati on a different kind of react is required.\r\nAn example can be bills; money can be a motivator for some people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the person’s financial needs and office (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and managers in organisations learn to understand factors of different situations in recount to react more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). besides to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are three levels of analysis on OB, the small which studies the individual, middle level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations.\r\nHowever, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an doubling of importance on this classification will help students to understand topics area of veneration later in the book. Now permit’s look at the last anchor, the open system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points ou t that organisations are open systems that will receive input of discipline and resources from the environment and in turn turn them into goods or service before locomote them back into the environment.\r\nOrganisations are always restructuring and strategising to persist in the corporate world (Taplin 2005). This data will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to alter their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of reading and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and collectible to the ever changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people.\r\nBy using the five anchors we will be able to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some informati on may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. nitty-gritty word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, ‘open systems’, Blackwell comprehensive Dictionary of organisational Behavior, viewed 2 imposing 2008, < http://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. sim. edu. sg/ehost/detail? id=4&hid=120&sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lmh&AN=20986772> Department for Transport 2003, ‘Psychological Factors Affecting Transport personal manner Choice’, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. & Travaglione, T. 2007, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’, second edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. & Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, ‘organisational Behavior, The person-organization fit’, Prentice †lobby Inc, New Jersey. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. 2007, ‘Organizational B ehavior’, twelfth edn, Pearson education Inc, USA.\r\nTaplin, I. M. 2005, ‘Strategic change and organisational restructuring: How managers hash out change initiatives’, Journal of international management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. & Rizzo, J. R. 2000, ‘Managing Organizational Behavior’, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, ‘Money, Money, Money’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231â€243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, ‘Contingency Theory’, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008,\r\n'

Sunday, December 23, 2018

'President Barack Obama Lifts Cuban Restrictions Essay\r'

'For many years, judicial professionals and scholars in frugals argued over the benefits and costs of the backup censor which was put on Cuba by the U. S. Over the course of years, Cuban Americans were non only deprived of a adventure to reunite with their families; they did not have the good right to provide their family members residing in Cuba with fiscal bide. Now, the new American President has bang to fulfill unitary of his major promises †to repeal restrictions, which Cuban Americans faced in their pick out for travel and pecuniary cooperation with Cuba.\r\nAlthough Obama’s conclusion does not eliminate the employment trade stoppage, it expands the rights of plebeian Cubans and Cuban Americans and allow certainly grow the first tincture toward restoring trade and semipolitical relationships with Cuba. For years, the majority of Cuban Americans has been torn from their families and was unavailing to maintain close relationships with their Cuban relatives. low American restrictions, Cuban Americans were limited to one visit per year and were not allowed to hold up their families materially (Weinemann, 2004).\r\nNow, as Barack Obama looks further into the ingest to correct relations with Cuba, lifting restrictions pull up stakes in same(p) manner improve the wellbeing of many Cubans and leave alone provide them with a chance to reunite with their American family members. Moreover, it appears that under the pressure of legal restrictions, Cuban Americans learnt to avoid legal duty for violating the requirements regarding change of location and financial transactions. â€Å"They get nigh the restriction by traveling illegally through third countries, just like the vast majority of Americans who travel to Cuba.\r\nCuban Americans carry or send coin back home at a rate of $1 billion a year” (Weinemann, 2004), as a result, lifting restrictions is the heart and soul to legalize what has been illegal for many y ears, and to improve relations surrounded by Cuba and the U. S. Lifting restrictions on traveling and financial transactions to Cuba is a very pleasing fact. Beyond expanding traveling body process and financial operations between the twain countries, this Obama’s decision is likely to political campaign a strategic political and economic change.\r\nStatistics suggests that Florida alone loses $750 annually due to the trade embargo (Weinemann, 2004); Florida ports could maintain positive relationships with separate Cuban enterprises and could thus turn into other source of revenues for the state budget. Moreover, devoted that these ar the citizens that promote changes, lifting restrictions will provide the Cubans with give stimuli for a major elected change. The more citizens are allowed to visit Cuba and to develop in return beneficial relationships with the U. S. , the more probable it is that Cuba will choose a more democratic way of development (Nuccio, 1998) .\r\nCertainly, lifting restrictions on financial transactions is the topic of hot debate. Opponents of Obama’s decision are confident that extra finances will work to support the Cuban government in its hope to restrict democratic freedoms and to promote monocracy and political isolation. Unfortunately, Obama’s opponents forget that â€Å"if the U. S. embargo is successful in its objective of denying resources to the Cuban government, it must also have nix effects on the lives of ordinary Cubans” (Nuccio, 1998). The political history of Cuba suggests that not the government, but roughhewn citizens are the primary victims of the embargo.\r\nDue to the embargo and travel restrictions, citizens cannot avoid the sense of abuse and hostility toward the neighboring country; Cuban Americans are no longer burning about these restrictions. More than 1. 2 one million million million Cuban Americans vote for lifting the current restrictions and grateful Obamaâ₠¬â„¢s decision (Weinemann, 2004), which also meat that their personal lives will change for the develop and the majority of their personal issues will be resolved. Conclusion Lifting restrictions for Cubans regarding traveling to Cuba and sending gold to their family members will improve the quality of relationships between Cuba and the U.\r\nS. People will be given a chance to reunite with their families. Families will be given an opportunity to bring in financial support from their relatives abroad. Finally, lifting these restrictions is the first step toward establishing democratic relationships with Cuba and expanding international trade. References Nuccio, R. A. (1998). Cautious optimism. Harvard external Review, 20 (4): 24-27. Weinmann, L. (2004). Washington’s mistaken Cuba policy. World Policy Journal, 21 (1): 22-31.\r\n'

Friday, December 21, 2018

'Statistik dalam penyelidikan pendidikan\r'

'PENDAHULUANTajuk ini dipilih kerana parity pengkaji hendak mengetahui tahap penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi ( TMK ) di kalangan guru-guru Sains sekolah menengah di daerah Gombak bagi memastikan kejayaan mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam bilik darjah. Pendidik yang berkompetensi teknologi memahami hubungan di antara fungsi asas komputer dan pembelajaran pelajar. Setiap saltwort suatu teknologi baru diperkenalkan dalam bilik darjah, ada pihak yang Akan menyokong dan mendakwa teknologi ini Akan merevolusikan cara guru mengajar, cara murid belajar dan secara amnya keseluruhan cara pendidikan dikendalikan.\r\nDalam abad ke-21 ini, negara menghadapi cabaran baru kesan daripada globalisasi, liberalisasi, pengantarabangsaan dan perkembangan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi ( TMK ) . Sehubungan dengan itu Malaysia memerlukan modal insan yang juga celik TMK, progresif dan mampu bersaing di pasaran kerja planetary. Oleh itu, guru-guru perlulah lebih `competent ‘ dan ` le velheaded ‘ , dimana seseorang guru itu berkemampuan mengolah maklumat dan pengetahuan yang sebegitu banyak dengan ketajaman daya analisisnya dan kemampuannya untuk berfikir secara integratif dan conceptual. Ini akan membolehkannya bertindak balas dengan cepat terhadap perkembangan pesat di sekitarnya.\r\nBeberapa masalah timbul mengenai pengetahuan tahap penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi di kalangan guru-guru Sains di sekolah menengah.\r\nAntaranya adalah:Sejauh manakah tahap penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Adakah penggunaan TMK membantu meringankan beban guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Apakah faktor-faktor yang mendorong dan menghalang penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?OBJEKTIF KAJIANObjektif kajian ini ialah untuk:Untuk mengenalpasti tahap frekuensi penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains.Untuk mengenalpasti tahap frekuensi bentuk bahan TMK yang digunakan oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains.Untuk mengenalpasti fa ktor yang mendorong penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains.Untuk mengenalpasti faktor yang menghalang penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains.Untuk mengenalpasti kelebihan penggunaan TMK dalam P & A ; P Sains.SOALAN KAJIANKajian ini dijalankan untuk menjawab beberapa persoalan mengenai tahap penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains.Apakah tahap frekuensi penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Apakah tahap frekuensi bentuk bahan TMK yang digunakan oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Apakah faktor yang mendorong peggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Apakah faktor yang menghalang penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam P & A ; P Sains?Apakah kelebihan penggunaan TMK dalam P & A ; P Sains?METODOLOGIDua teknik analisis telah digunakan dalam kajian ini, yakni yang pertama analisis deskriptif dan yang keduanya adalah analisis inferensi. Statistik deskriptif membantu mengatur, memaparkan dan menerangkan informations dengan menggunakan jadual, graf dan teknik rumusan. Terdapat lapan puluh responden, oleh itu ianya boleh diklasifikasikan sebagai sesuatu populasi. Selain daripada itu, statistic inferensi pula merangkumi teknik atau langkah yang menggunakan sampel ujikaji untuk membuat keputusan dan generalisasi terhadap sesuatu populasi.\r\nJusteru, demi memenuhi keperluan ujikaji, dua jenis analisis deskriptif telah digunakan. Analisis ini menggunakan peratus untuk menerangkan maklumat tentang latarbelakang responden seperti jantina, umur, bangsa, opysen, bilangan tahun mengajar matapelajaran sains dan latarbelakang pendidikan tertinggi. Analisis yang disertakan dalam kajian ini turut mengandungi peratus, second, sisihan piawai, mod, median(a) serta julat momentimal dan maximal untuk menerangkan pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang telah dipilih diatas.\r\nSelain daripada itu, empat jenis statistik inferensi turut digunakan dalam kajian ini. Chi- kuasa dua digunakan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara dua pemb olehubah nominal, iaitu jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar matapelajaran Sains. Ujikaji-T pula telah digunakan untuk menentukan min antara pembolehubah-pembolehubah tidak bersandar. Korelasi Pearson R, juga telah digunakan untuk menganalisa perhubungan di antara pembolehubah-pembolehubah tidak bersandar. Pembolehubah-pemboleh ubah yang dikaji adalah tahap penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh guru, serta kelebihan penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains.SAMPEL KAJIANDalam kajian ini, sampel terdiri daripada guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran Sains di sekolah menengah. Sampel kajian ini dipilih secara rawak mudah yang terdiri daripada pelbagai bangsa dan agama. Persampelan rawak mudah merupakan proses menggunakan sampel bila mana individu dalam populasi mempunyai kebarangkalian yang sama untuk dip ilih. Bilangan sampel terdiri daripada 80 Pongo pygmaeus guru yang mengajar dalam mata pelajaran Sains di sekolah menengah.INSTRUMEN KAJIANDalam kajian ini satu set soal selidik telah digunakan untuk mengumpul informations iaitu: â€Bahagian A: Soal Selidik Latar Belakang RespondenBahagian B: Soal Selidik Tahap Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Oleh Guru-Guru Sains ( TPTMK )Bahagian C: Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( FPTMK )Bahagian D: Kelebihan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( KPTMK )Bahagian A: Soal Selidik Latar Belakang RespondenBahagian A adalah soal selidik berkaitan dengan maklumat diri subjek. Antara item-item yang dimuatkan untuk mendapatkan maklumat peribadi guru ialah umur, jantina, bangsa dan opysen matapelajaran,\r\nDi samping itu juga, soal selidik ini berkaitan dengan sumber maklumat mengenai bila ngan tahun mengajar dalam mata pelajaran Sains dan latar belakang pendidikan tertinggi. Sumber maklumat ini telah diubah suai oleh pengkaji agar bersesuaian dengan kajian yang dijalankan. Subjek diminta menandakan ( / ) terhadap sumber maklumat yang berkaitan dengan diri subjek.Bahagian B: Soal Selidik Tahap Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( TPTMK )Bahagian ini adalah doal selidik mengenai tahap penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi terhadap subjek yang dikaji. Alat kajian ini sebenarnya menguji tentang kekerapan tahap penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi subjek dalam Masa seminggu dan juga tahap kekerapan penggunaan peralatan, perkakasan atau perisian yang dibekalkan semasa pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Responden dikehendaki menjawab dua puluh capital of Peru soalan dengan menggunakan dua pilihan jawapan iaitu ya atau tidak.Bahagian C: Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains. ( FPTMK )Bahagian C adalah soal selidik berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang mendorong dan menghalang penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Dalam bahagian ini juga, responden dikehendaki menjawab Lima puluh soalan dengan menggunakan dua pilihan jawapan iaitu ya atau tidak.Bahagian D: Kelebihan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains. ( KPTMK )Bahagian D pula, merupakan soal selidik berkaitan dengan kelebihan penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Bahagian ini terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan soalan. Responden dikehendaki menjawab soalan dengan menggunakan dua pilihan jawapan iaitu ya atau tidak.PEMBOLEHUBAH KAJIANPembolehubah bebas dalam kajian ini ialah umur, jantina, bangsa, bilangan tahun mengajar dan latarbelakang pendidikan tertinggi. Manakala pembolehu bah bersandar adalah tahap penggunaan TMK dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi serta kelebihan penggunaan TMK. Soalselidik ini terbahagi kepada empat bahagian iaitu Bahagian A, B, C dan D. Bahagian A mengandungi pembolehubah-pembolehubah di bawah:JantinaUmurBangsaOpysenPengalaman mengajar matapeajaran SainsLatarbelakang Pendidikan TertinggiDalam kajian ini terdapat satu set borang soal selidik yang mengandungi tiga bahagian iaitu Bahagian A, Bahagian B, Bahagian C dan Bahagian D.\r\nDalam Bahagian A, soal selidik latar belakang responden digunakan untuk mengumpul maklumat daripada responden, bilangan tahun mengajar dan latarbelakang pendidikan seperti yang dipaparkan di atas.\r\nBahagian B pula, adalah soal selidik berkaitan dengan tahap penggunaan TMK guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Soal selidik tentang tahap penggunaan TMK ini terdiri daripada item-item yang berkaitan dengan tahap kekerapan mengunakan TMK dalam seminggu semasa sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. S elain itu, item-item berkaitan dengan kekerapan menggunakan peralatan, perkakasan atau perisian TMK dalam Masa seminggu.\r\nBahagian C, adalah berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Dalam bahagian ini item-item yang terdapat dalamnya adalah berkaitan dengan faktor mendorong dan menghalang responden dalam menjayakan pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains dengan menggunakan TMK.\r\nBahagian D, adalah mengenai kelebihan penggunaan TMK oleh guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains. Bahagian ini terdiri daripada 50 soalan tertutup yang memerlukan responden menjawab ya atau tidak. Soalan -soalan yang dikemukankan merangkumi, kebaikan dan kelebihan TMK dalam meringankan beban guru dengan menjimatkan Masa, tenaga dan coss dalam penyediaan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains.LATARBELAKANG RESPONDENItem-item dalam bahagian A soal selidik secara umumnya digunakan untuk mengenalpasti demografi responden Dari aspek umu r, jantina, bangsa, opsyen, bilangan tahun mengajar matapelajaran Sains dan latar belakang akademik responden.\r\nSeramai 80 Pongo pygmaeus responden yang terdiri daripada 100 % guru Dari Lima buah sekolah menengah di sekitar daerah Gombak. Seramai 40 Pongo pygmaeus responden terdiri daripada guru lelaki, manakala selebihnya merupakan guru perempuan.\r\nMajoriti respoden Lelaki and Perempuan masing masing adalah 50 % ( n=40 )\r\nMajoriti respoden adalah dalam lingkungan 30-34 tahun iaitu sebanyak 31 % ( n=25 ) .Diikuti 30 % ( n=24 ) adalah responden dalam lingkungan umur 25-29 tahun. Umur 35-39 ( n=2 ) responden adalah sebanyak 15 % manakala 14 % responden adalah dalam lingkungan 40-44 tahun. 45 keatas adalah sebanyak 6 % dan 4 % adalah umur diantara 20-24 tahun.\r\nMajoriti responden adalah Bangsa Melayu iaitu 44 % ( n=35 ) .Dikuti oleh bangsa Cina 28 % ( n=22 ) , 21 % ( n=17 ) adalah bangsa India, manakala 8 % ( n=6 ) adalah dalam kategori lain lain.\r\nMajoriti responden 85 % ( n =68 ) adalalah Dari aliran Sains, manakala 15 % ( n=15 ) adalah dalam aliran Bukan Sains.\r\nSejumlah 39 % respoden ( n=31 ) mempunyai Pengalaman Mengajar diantara 4-6 tahun, 0-3 tahun dalam sebanyak 34 % ( n=27 ) , dikuti 7-9 tahun 20 % ( n=16 ) dan hanya 8 % ( n=6 ) mempunyai Pengalaman Mengajar 10 tahun ke atas.\r\n75 % respoden ( n=60 ) adalah kelulusan Ijazah Sarjana Muda, manakala bagi Ijazah Sarjana dan Diploma masing masing adalah 13 % ( n=10 ) .Analisis informationsEmpat inferens analisis telah dijalankan. Khi kuasa dua digunakan untuk menguji perhubungan antara dua pembolehubah-pembolehubah tidak bersandar nominal, jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar matapelajaran Sains. T-tests telah dijalankan untuk bandingkan cara antara pembolehubah-pembolehubah bersandar. Tiga pembolehubah bersandar yang telah dikaji ialah: Tahap Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Oleh Guru-Guru Sains ( TPTMK ) , Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi ol eh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( FPTMK ) , Kelebihan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( KPTMK ) .Ujian DeskriptifJadual 6.1, 6.2 dan 6.3 menunjukan tahap-tahap bagi TPTMK, FPTMK, dan KPTMK masing-masing. Nilai berangka dimensi pembolehubah-pembolehubah di atas sahaja tidak menunjukkan kekuatan relatif tahap-tahap ini. Beberapa perbandingan diperlukan untuk menandakan ini.\r\nJadual 6.4: Ujian Analisis Khi Kuasa Dua Antara Jantina Dan Bilangan Tahun Mengajar Untuk Keseluruhan Sampel ( N=80 ) .\r\nLangkah 1:\r\nH0: Tidak ada perhubungan jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar\r\nH1: Terdapat perhubungan antara jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar\r\nLangkah 2: Kami menggunakan taburan X? untuk menguji darjah kebebasan atau perhubungan antara pembolehubah jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar\r\nLangkah 3: Menentukan kawasan penolakan dan bukan penolakan.\r\nTahap signifikan ialah 0.05 atau 5 % .\r\nKawasan dalam h ujung kanan = ? = 0.05\r\nDarjah kebebasan, df = ( Jumlah barisan †1 ) ( Bilangan ruangan †1 )\r\n= ( 2 †1 ) ( 4 †1 )\r\n= 3\r\nDaripada Jadual X? , untuk df = 3, ? = 0.05, X? = 7.815\r\nLangkah 6:\r\nNilai 3.3 yang diperolehi adalah lebih kecil daripada nilai kritikal ( 7.815 ) dan ia jatuh dalam kawasan bukan penolakan H0. Oleh itu, kami menolak H1 dan mengekalkan H0 ; dimana tidak adenosine deaminase signifikan ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) perhubungan antara jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar ( X? = 3.3, P & A ; gt ; 0.05 ) .\r\nPekali korelasi elongate adalah 0.0018 ( dibundarkan kepada 2 tempat perpuluhan )\r\nInterpretasi:\r\nKorelasi di antara TPTMK and FPTMK adalah lemah.\r\nKorelasi kuasa dua, merupakan pekali bagi penentuan.\r\nr2 = ( 0.0018 ) 2 = 0.00 menunjukkan kiraan 0 % terhadap varians\r\nbagi skor FPTMK dalam kes ini.\r\nLangkah 4: Menguji dapatan signifikan R melalui hipotesis nul supaya tiada hubungan yang signifikan di antara skor TPTMK dan F PTMK.\r\nBagi menguji nilai dapatan signifikan R yang diperolehi, pertama perlu setkan Arass signifikan yang hendak diuji iaitu 1 % atau pada P & A ; gt ; .01.\r\nKemudian uji hipotesis mengenai populasi pekali korelasi P menggunakan sampel pekali korelasi r. Selain itu jadual taburan T boleh digunakan dalam ujian ini.\r\nApabila n †2 merupakan nilai darjah kebebasan.\r\nHipotesis nul merupakan pekali korelasi analog di antara dua pembolehubah yang kosong, ? = 0. Hipotesis alternatif boleh menjadi:\r\nPekali korelasi analogue di antara 2 pembolehubah yang kurang daripada kosong, ? & A ; gt ; 0\r\nPekali korelasi linear di antara 2 pembolehubah yang lebih daripada kosong, ? & A ; lt ; 0\r\nPekali korelasi analogue di antara 2 pembolehubah yang tidak sama dengan kosong, ? ? 0\r\nCatat hipotesis nul: ( ? merupakan pekali korelasi populasi )\r\nHolmium: ? = 0 ( Pekali korelasi additive adalah kosong dalam populasi )\r\nH1: ? & gt ; 0 ( Pekali koralsi additive adalah positif dalam populasi )\r\nbermaksud satu hujung\r\n( Apabila kita menguji H1: hanya korelasi positif wujud di mana Iowa adalah mustahil bagi korelasi minus wujud )\r\n( Selain itu, kita harus menguji H1: ? ? 0, apabila kami ingin menguji korelasi kedua-dua atau negative iaitu ujian dua- hujung )\r\nLangkah 5: Pilih fungsi taburan yang perlu digunakan.\r\nTaburan populasi untuk kedua-dua pembolehubah adalah normal. Oleh itu, kita boleh menggunakan taburan T untuk menunjukkan ujian tersebut adalah pekali korelasi linear.\r\nLangkah 6: Menentukan kawasan penolakan dan bukan penolakan\r\nAras signifikan adalah 1 % . Melalui hipotesis alternatif, kita dapat mengetahui ujian itu adalah hujung kanan. Oleh itu\r\nKawasan pada hujung kanan taburan T = 0.01\r\ndf = n †2 = 80 †2 = 78\r\nMelalui taburan T, nilai kritikal bagi T adalah 1.292. Kawasan penolakan dan bukan penolakan untuk ujian ini adalah seperti di bawah:\r\nLangkah 8: Membuat keputusan\r\nNilai bagi ujian stat istik T = 0.016 is adlah kurang daripada nilai kritikal T = 1.292 dan Iowa jatuh di kawasan yang bukan penolakan. Oleh itu, kita menerima hipotesis nul dan membuat kesimpulan bahawa tiada hubungan additive yang signifikan, di antara TPTMK dengan FPTMK.DAPATAN KAJIANKeputusan Khi-kuasa dua menunjukkan bahawa tiada hubungan di antara jantina dan kawasan khas. ( X2= 3.3, P & A ; gt ; 0.05 ) .\r\nSampel ujian-t yang berpasangan dijalankan untuk menilai jikalau terdapat hubungan di antara FPTMK dan TPTMK, FPTMK dan KPTMK serta TPTMK dan KPTMK.\r\nKeputusan menunujukkan bahawa min bagi FPTMK ( , SD= 8.9314 ) adalah signifikan dan lebih besar daripada min bagi TPTMK ( , SD=6.853 ) , t ( 158 ) =44.6329, P & A ; gt ; 0.025. Ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara FPTMK dan TPTMK di kalangan guru. Keputusan ini juga menunjukkan bahawa min bagi KPTMK ( , SD=6.293 ) . Ujian-t di antara FPTMK dan KPTMK T ( 158 ) =51.7703, P & A ; gt ; 0.025. Ini juga me nunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan signifikan di antara FPTMK dan KPTMK di kalangan guru. Keputusan ujian-t di antara TPTMK dan KPTMK adalah T ( 158 ) =6.7902, P & A ; gt ; 0.025. Ini juga menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara TPTMK dan KPTMK di kalangan guru di daerah Gombak.KESIMPULANKesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada analisis empat inferensi adalah khi-kuasa dua menunjukkan bahawa tiada perhubungan di antara jantina dan bilangan tahun mengajar. Manakala kesemua keputusan ujian-t menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan di antara jantina dan pengalaman mengajar. Tambahan pula, keputusan kesemua ujian-t tak bersandar yang utama iaitu Tahap Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Oleh Guru-Guru Sains ( TPTMK ) , Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains ( FPTMK ) , Kelebihan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi oleh Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran S ains ( KPTMK ) ada menunjukkan perkaitan antara satu sama lain.\r\nPekali korelasi Pearson di antara tiga pembolehubah ( TPTMK, FPTMK, KPTMK ) menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat hubungan additive yang signifikan di antara mereka.\r\nBerdasarkan pada keputusan analisis yang di perolehi, di sarankan adalah baik sekiranya tahap penggunaan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi oleh guru ditingkatkan. Ini secara tidak langsung akan membantu parity guru meringankan beban guru-guru di sekolah dan Iowa juga akan memberikan kesan baik terhadap pelajar. Guru-guru baru juga harus menjalani kursus pra-pratikum di mana mereka perlu didedahkan kepada Pendekatan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi dalam Pengajaran Sains. Manakala guru-guru yang sudah berada dalam perkhidmatan atau guru yang berpengalaman, boleh didedahkan kepada Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi melalui kursus pendek atau kursus dalaman.\r\nUmumnya, Iowa boleh dikatakan bahawa ramai guru yang berpengalaman secara se mula jadi mempunyai banyak pendedahan dan motivasi untuk membangunkan profesion pengajaran mereka. Walaubagaimanapun, kepercayaan ini boleh menjadi persoalan dalam konteks fakta dimana kebolehan dan kecemerlangan seseorang individu boleh meningkat melalui insiatif sendiri atau pembangunan serta keazaman untuk memperbaiki diri sendiri. Oleh itu, ia boleh diringkaskan kepada realiti bahawa Iowa bergantung kepada diri guru itu sendiri untuk menyedari dan meningkatkan kemahiran pengajaran sendiri untuk menjadi guru yang inovatif dan kreatif.RUJUKANCoakes, S.J. , et Al. ( 2008 ) . SPSS Analysis Without Anguish. China: bottom Wiley & A ; Sons Inc.Green, S.B. , et Al ( 1997 ) . Using SPSS for Windowss: Analyzing and sagaciousness Data. New island of Jersey: Prentice HallMann, P.S. ( 2007 ) . Intoduction Statistic sixth Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons Inc.Norusis, M.J. ( 1997 ) . SPSS Guide to Data Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall\r\n'

Thursday, December 20, 2018

'Approaches to Branding Essay\r'

'It is indwelling for a business to build strong consanguinity with its customers to be able to stay above whole competitors. One tool that a confederation has is a strong discoloration. The following are the most communal ways of how companies use stigmatisation in selling their products or services. Corporate Branding. This type has been around eer since competition among business started. In corporate branding a ships guild uses its own name as the brand for the attach to. The company unremarkably promotes its products under that brand name (Crystal 2003).\r\nAn extype Ale of which is Disney, where all products of the company include the name â€Å"Disney”. In this accession the corporation or company is the main selling point (Csaba, Schultz & Yun 2005). If successfully used the company can score brand loyalty where customers look for products under that company or under the brand name. The downside of this approach is that the company will feature a ten dency to be identified with a single product social class (Crystal 2003). Employer Branding. With the rise of newer options like technology, the fact remains that force are still the most all important(predicate) resource of any company.\r\nAs the competition for first-rate employees becomes tight, companies pull them through and through Human Resources Marketing or through employer branding (VersantWorks 2008). Employer branding is the impression of the stakeholders †current employees, likely hires, and previous staff †about the company as place of make up (Harris 2002). The idea is to instill in the stakeholders mind that the company is â€Å"great place to work”. It immerses the employee into the company, gives the employees a sense of pride and belongingness and most important of all job fulfillment (VersantWorks 2008).\r\nA company with a good employer branding is L’Oreal. Voted as one of the Fast Moving Consumer Goods †FMCG †Employer of Choice (Employer visibleness 2008). L’Oreal’s career website declares it in saturnine and white. The company’s objective is to provide a sound working environment for its employees. Working for L’Oreal would entail a secure workplace, performance is presumption credit, a diverse culture, and where privacy and private aliveness are valued (As An Employer 2008). What makes this strategy work for the company is be pee-pee L’Oreal knows who it wanted to hire and focus the HR endeavor to accomplish the task (Klein 2008).\r\nCause Branding. This is an approach in branding where a company supports a political campaign to be able to increase wage or to set it apart from competitors (Ivy Cohen Corporate communications 2007). As examples will be Avon Breast crabby person Crusade, ConAgra Foods’ Feeding Children Better Program, Reebok’s Human Rights Awards and Rockport’s Fitness Walking Program. This initiative is usually intercha nged with cause trade and corporate social responsibility. Cause marketing just like cause branding seems to have the same objective but the difference lies in the duration.\r\nShort-lived cause marketing initiatives are usually one-time deals like food drives, collection bins, and auctions for charity. While cause branding is a year-long continuous endeavor. Where the company tries to companion a cause to the brand in the customers’ mind (Evergreen & Partners 2005). On the other hand CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility is the broader initiative that consumers stomach from a company. CSR involves labor practices of the company, community activities and environmental programs. It comprises versatile causes while cause branding focus except on one cause (Evergreen & Partners 2005).\r\n'

Tuesday, December 18, 2018

'Native American Culture Essay\r'

'Estrangement is the state of being move back or isolated from the objective world, as by means of indifference or disaffection. Ill-advisedly, the paladin from â€Å"The lone(prenominal) ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven” is forever skip in this state of mind. His internal conflicts enthr either surrounded by fighting for his inborn American ethnicity, and, realizeing his manipulation to this world. This link between the two becomes a gainsay due to his negative, and protective attitude for his race. The narrator’s volatile actions imply his frustration towarfareds the discrimination against his essential Spokane making heritage.\r\nThe title-holders’ Native American training intertwined with fresh culture challenges his rosy and clean thinking. The protagonists’ family style upbringing has distilled values that are outlived in his Native American identity element. Unfortunately, the protagonist is quite protective of his Native Am erican descent. In fact, his view of people is quite pessimistic towards the Native American race. This rigidness to his ethnicity is foretold in two parts. As humans, we are first born with an identity that is kept close to us, such as Native American, African American, or Grecian.\r\nAlthough we are born with uniqueness; the values we instill to our race are brought rough through parent’s effort in raising their children. For Sherman Alexie, he’d developed a cynical character who bares strong connections to his Native American race. The protagonist’s existence and demeanor is nonnatural because he’d been destined for a bearing of prosperity through public schooling and a college education. Found here, â€Å"But I was special, a power college student, a smart pincer. I was one of those Indians who was supposed(p) to make it. I was a new human body of warrior.\r\n” This quote reveals his sense of insecurity concerning his spirit olibanum f ar and how he has not lived up to his expectations. â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven” exposes a few scenes where the main character is fighting for good freedom outside of Spokane. The protagonist’s juridic experiences begin at a convenience shop in Seattle where he feels like a piranha lurking amongst his preys. As stated, â€Å"He looked me over so he could describe me to the police later. ” The protagonist was familiar with this soused look; as he’d lost(p) a close relationship to its devilish hold once before.\r\nHis loss began like this, â€Å"When one mortal starts to look at another like a criminal, then the love is over. ” As Native American, these indecent impressions occur randomly as seen through the patrol incident. In this scene, the protagonist had been pulled over in a wealthy neighborhood by the police officer, â€Å"You’re making people nervous. You don’t fulfill the profile of the neighb orhood. ” This was a friendly way of reflexion; you are not wanted in this area, recreate leave. These occurrences are upsetting to the narrator as they rich person affected his view of Whites.\r\nAs the protagonist becomes excite with life, he packs his belongings and heads home to Spokane in majuscule State. While home, he trueizes that connecting to his family and finding peace is not easy. His weak-minded thinking is foreseen here,” They’d been expecting me back the day I left for Seattle. There’s an old Indian poet who said that Indians can reside in the city, scarce they can never live there. ” In fact, firearm living in Seattle, his dreams became nightmares of a vivid war scene between the Red’s and Whites.\r\nThe Indians became slaughtered by the Whites and at one point, â€Å"Three mounted soldiers vie polo with a dead Indian woman’s head. ” This graphic image stays with him as he found accounts of this madness o ccurred in the old western and in parts of the world today. The protagonist’s dreams and Native American ethnicity have instilled protective beliefs to his ethnicity and real life demeanor towards others. Although he’s stubborn concerning his background, insecurity remains present. One instance occurs where he starts a job in Spokane at the local anesthetic high school ex intensify program.\r\nHe answers anticipate calls and asks himself, â€Å"Sometimes I wonder if the people on the other end of the line know that I’m Indian and if their voices would change if they did know. ” His insecurity exponentially evolves to every facet in his life and whole exacerbates his pessimistic attitude. The cynical behavior by the protagonist has incurred due to several discriminatory experiences. One being, the protagonist’s cup is full; which allows him to believe this Red vs. White argument will never change.\r\nBecause of his ignorance, he leaves no trust to anyone and is forced to run when he encounters discrimination. One situation that symbolizes the protagonist’s in question(predicate) thoughts is encountered at his hometown basketball court. He comes home to find the new BIA chief’s White kid named Jimmy Seyler who can play ball. â€Å"And he could play. He contend Indian ball, fast and loose, better than all the Indians there. ” That night, Jimmy whooped on every Indian who played Basketball. I recognize this as a change of tone and direction in the protagonist’s life.\r\nAt this point in time, he realizes that he must submit to his Red vs. White rivalry in order to move forward in his life. Just as Jimmy will grow and become an NBA star, the gap between the two races, White and Indian will only become larger. Indian’s will control the small reservation plains out West while the White culture advances to become a powerhouse figure in the United States of America. Hereafter this epiphany, t he protagonist’s life begins to move forward as he starts a new job and connects with his ex-girlfriend once again.\r\n'

Monday, December 17, 2018

'Marshal and Gordon Case Essay\r'

'Outsourcing is the assure out of an brass instrument’s telephone line activities (functions and processes) to an outdoors do provider where the provider is responsible to carry out the activity that was currently, or could be, undertaken by the musical arrangement. front outsourcing was usually carried out for organization’s non-core activities to allay money but now outsourcing is omnipresent. Firms be outsourcing a wide range of activities ranging from research and development to marketing, from proceeds to assembly, distribution to after(prenominal) sales service.\r\nToday, level(p) activities deal security and public recountings atomic number 18 outsourced. Predominantly, there argon two kind of outsourcing:\r\nWith manpower †where the service provider’s employees work privileged the exposit of the organization. For example, friendship X has outsourced its security department to company ABC, then ABC’s employees operate at the location of company X. Without manpower †the service provider’s employees do not work inside the organization exposit. For example, if company X is an electronics company and has outsourced the after sales function of its products then the service\r\nThe solid ground longest strike, which lasted nearly a decade has let to end by hospitality workers at the recounting Plaza Hotel in Chicago on the shadow of 29th may 2013. The strike was started on June 15, 2003 and the large workers had long called for wage and benefit increases and job security.\r\nIRound The knowledge domain\r\nprovider’s employees work pack not work at the parent organization’s location but will extend services at the customer’s location.\r\nWhy Outsourcing\r\n lighten Costs: To save the be associated with defined benefits for perm employees in labor-union contracts and as guaranteed by various trade union movement laws in the\r\ncountry like\r\n Increase d effectivity: Companies by outsourcing non-core activities send word focus their resources on the charge of the core activities star to enhanced organization potentiality\r\n Access to world class experts: Outsourcing to specialized companies gives organization access to experts and the latest technologies for limited time mannequin for specific project related work leading to improved quality\r\n Increased flexibility: Outsourcing business functions to external service providers, the organization doesn’t need to maintain fixed assets and invest on infrastructure. This gives the organization flexibility to march changing business involve and respond to the dynamic environment. Laws related to outsourcing Outsourcing, as already discussed, is of two types: Outsourcing with manpower, and outsourcing without manpower.\r\nOutsourcing without manpower\r\nWhen outsourcing is done without manpower, it is essentially a contract amongst two parties and only the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (hereinafter referred to as the ICA) becomes applicable. Both the parties are boundary by the ICA and the terms of the contract agreed upon by them.\r\nOutsourcing with manpower\r\nOutsourcing with manpower is also essentially a contract between two parties and hence ICA becomes applicable. However, because the activities are carried out on the premises of the outsourcing party, the Contract prod (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (hereinafter referred to as CLRA) also becomes applicable, provided twenty dollar bill or more(prenominal) workmen are employed as contract task in the establishment.\r\nThus in a nutshell, we can assign that ICA becomes applicable in all cases of outsourcing, whereas, CLRA becomes applicable only in case of outsourcing with manpower, provided that the establishment (outsourcing party) employs or had employed in the preceding twelve months, twenty or more workmen as\r\ncontract labour.\r\n semblance between players In case of outsourcing without manpower, the only proportion providing the service is the second party. The outsourcing face has no relation with the employees of the second party.\r\nHowever, in cases of outsourcing with manpower where CLRA becomes applicable, there are three players, vis-à-vis, Principle Employer, affirmer and Contract Labour. The outsourcing organisation is the atomic number 82 Employer, the organization providing the service is the Contractor, while the employees of the Contractor working on the premises of the Principal Employer are the Contract Labours. The Contractor is responsible for the health, welfare and defrayment of wages of the Contract Labour.\r\nIt is only when the contractor fails to meet those responsibilities does the Principal Employer become liable. However, the Principal Employer, as per division 20 and 21 of CLRA, can recover the costs incurred for meeting such liability from the Contractor.\r\nEmployer-Employee Relationship smell at the pr esent scenario, with outsourcing activities increasing exponentially, it can be said that the employer employee relationship is becoming more of a myth. The contract labour, who carry out the activities in the premises of the Principal Employer, are not the ‘employees’ of the Principal Employer. The Principal Employer does not hire, fire, or control the contract labour. incomplete is it directly responsible for their health, welfare and wages. Thus, we can say that there is no direct relationship between Principal Employer and Contract Labour.\r\nReferences:\r\n1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcing\r\n2. Padhi, P.K., Labour and Industrial Laws, eastern Econo- Pratham, an NGO based out of Mumbai, working for electric razor development announced that it had reported to the police 1,817 cases of children egest it out in intensive activity in the Mumbai in June, that it spotted during a two-month study. Clearly shows that even the fundamental rights are just on p aper.\r\n'

Sunday, December 16, 2018

'Scientific Inventions\r'

'ASSEMBLY LINE: Primitive assembly tenor performance was basic apply in 1901 by Ran some Eli Olds (1864-1950), an early car- take aimr (he manufactured the Oldsmobile, the origin commercially successful American car). Henry Ford (1863-1947) use the first conveyor belt-based assembly-line in his car manufactory in 1913-14 in Fords Highland Park, Michigan plant. This oddball of production greatly reduced the amount of sentence taken to put for each unitary car unitedly (93 minutes for a Model T) from its parts, reducing production costs.\r\nAssembly lines are now utilize in most manufacturing processes. BAEKELAND, L. H. : Leo Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 †February 23, 1944) was a Belgian-born American druggist who invented Velox photographic paper (1893) and Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, nonflammable, versatile, and real popular charge plate. BAKELITE: Bakelite (also cal lead catalin) is a plastic, a dense synthetic polymer (a phenolic resin) that was use d to energize jewelry, game pieces, engine parts, radio boxes, switches, and umpteen, some opposite objects.\r\nBakelite was the first industrial thermo square up plastic (a material that does not change its shape after being mixed and heated). Bakelite plastic is make from carbolic red-hot (phenol) and formaldehyde, which are mixed, heated, and then either molded or extruded into the desired shape. Bakelite was patented in 1907 by the Belgian-born American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 †February 23, 1944). The Nobel dough winning German chemist Adolf von Baeyer had experimented with this material in 1872, but did not complete its development or see its potential.\r\nBaekeland operated the ecumenic Bakelite Company from 1911 to 1939 (in Perth Amboy, N. J. , USA), and produced up to about 200,000 tons of Bakelite annually. Bakelite replaced the very flammable celluloid plastic that had been so popular. The novelty above is do of â€Å"butterscotchâ⠂¬Â Bakelite. BAROMETER: A barometer is a subterfuge that measures air (barometric) pressure. It measures the weight of the column of air that extends from the agent to the top of the atmosphere. There are two types of barometers usually used today, hydrargyrum and aneroid (meaning â€Å"fluid s watery”).\r\nEarlier water barometers (also cognize as â€Å" beleaguer glass”) date from the 17th century. The mercury barometer was invented by the Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli (1608 †1647), a pupil of Galileo, in 1643. Torricelli modify a glass thermionic vacuum tube filled with mercury into another container of mercury; the mercury in the tube â€Å"weighs” the air in the atmosphere above the tube. The aneroid barometer (using a spring balance instead of a liquid) was invented by the French scientist Lucien Vidie in 1843. BATTERY: A onslaught is a device that converts chemical elan vital into electrical energy.\r\nEach battery has two ele ctrodes, an anode (the compulsive end) and a cathode (the negative end). An electrical circuit runs amidst these two electrodes, going through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This unit consisting of two electrodes is called a cell (often called a voltaic cell or pile). Batteries are used to power umpteen devices and make the spark that starts a gasoline engine. Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the first chemical battery in 1800. Storage batteries : are lead-based batteries that can be recharged.\r\nIn 1859, the French physicist Gaston Plante (1834-1889) invented a battery made from two lead plates joined by a wire and immersed in a sulfuric blistery electrolyte; this was the first storage battery. BUNSEN BURNER: The laboratory etna burner was invented by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen in 1855. Bunsen (1811-1899) was a German chemist and teacher. He invented the Bunsen burner for his enquiry in isolating chemical substances †it has a high-intensity, non-luminous brand that does not interfere with the colored flame emitted by chemicals being tested.\r\nCASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE: A Cassegrain telescope is a wide-angle reflecting telescope with a concave reverberate that receives light and focuses an image. A second mirror reflects the light through a gap in the autochthonic mirror, allowing the eyepiece or camera to be mount at the back end of the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting telescope was true in 1672 by the French sculptor Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain. A correcting plate (a lens of the eye) was added in 1930 by the Estonian astronomer and lens-maker Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935), creating the Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope which minimized the spherical aberration of the Cassegrain telescope.\r\nCELLOPHANE: Cellophane is a thin, transparent, raincoat, protective film that is used in many types of case. It was invented in 1908 by Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. He had originally intended cello phane to be bonded onto fabric to make a waterproof textile, but the new material was brittle and not recyclable. Cellophane proved very useful all alone as a packaging material. Chemists at the Dupont Company (who ulterior on bought the pays to cellophane) made cellophane waterproof in 1927. CELSIUS, ANDERS: Anders Celsius (1701-1744) was a Swedish professor of astronomy who devised the Celsius thermometer.\r\nHe also ventured to the far north of Sweden with an jaunt in order to measure the length of a degree along a meridian, close to the pole, later comparing it with similar measurements made in the grey Hemisphere. This confirmed that that the shape of the earth is an ellipsoid which is flatten at the poles. He also cataloged 300 stars. With his appurtenant Olof Hiorter, Celsius notice the magnetic basis for auroras. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE: Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch lens-maker who invented the first mix microscope in 1595 (a compound microscope is one which has more than one lens).\r\nHis microscope consisted of two tudes that slid deep down one another, and had a lens at each end. The microscope was focused by sliding the tubes. The lens in the eyepiece was bi-convex (bulging outwards on both sides), and the lens of the far end (the objective lens) was Plano-convex (flat on one side and bulging outwards on the other side). This advanced microscope had a 3 to 9 generation power of magnification. Zacharias Janssens father Hans may have helped him embodiment the microscope. DA VINCI, LEONARDO: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian inventor, artist, architect, and scientist.\r\nDa Vinci had an interest in engineering and made detailed sketches of the airplane, the helicopter (and other flying machines), the parachute, the submarine, the armoured car, the ballista (a giant crossbow), rapid-fire guns, the centrifugal pump (designed to feed wet areas, like marshes), ball bearings, the worm caravan (a set of gears in which many teeth make contact at once, reducing the strain on the teeth, allowing more pressure to be put on the mechanism), and many other incredible ideas that were centuries ahead of da Vincis time.\r\nDAVY, HUMPHRY: Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was an English scientist who invented the first electric light in 1800. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires from his battery to two pieces of carbon, electricity arced amid the carbon pieces, producing an intense, hot, and short-lived light. This is called an electric arc. Davy also invented a miners safety helmet and a process to desalinate ocean water. Davy sight the elements boron, sodium, aluminum (whose name he later changed to aluminum), and potassium.\r\nEDISON, THOMAS ALVA: Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor (also known as the Wizard of Menlo Park) whose many inventions revolutionized the world. His work includes modify the incandescent electric light bulb and inventing t he record player, the phonograph record, the carbon telephone transmitter, and the motion-picture projector. Edison’s first business organization was as a telegraph operator, and in the variety of his duties, he redesigned the stock-ticker machine. The Edison Universal Stock Printer gave him the jacket ($40,000) to set up a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, to invent full-time (with many employees).\r\nEdison experimented with thousands of divers(prenominal) light bulb filaments to find just the right materials to glow well, be long-lasting, and be inexpensive. In 1879, Edison discovered that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free bulb glowed but did not burn up for sooner a while. This incandescent bulb revolutionized the world. ELION, GERTRUDE: Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 †February 21, 1999) was a Nobel Prize winning biochemist who invented many life-saving drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and 6-thioguanine (which fight leukemia), Imuran, Zovirax, and many others.\r\nElion worked at Burroughs- Glaxo Wellcome for decades (beginning in 1944) with George Hitchings and Sir James Black, with whom she shared the Nobel Prize. She is named on 45 patents for drugs and her work has saved the lives of thousands of people. ENIAC: ENIAC stands for â€Å"Electronic Numerical integrator and Computer. ” It was one of the first all-purpose, all-electronic digital computers. This room-sized computer was built by the physicist caper William Mauchly (Aug. 30, 1907 †Jan. 8, 1980) and the electrical engineer John Presper Eckert, Jr. (April 9, 1919 †June 3, 1995) at the University of Pennsylvania.\r\nThey completed the machine in November, 1945. FARNSWORTH, PHILO T. : Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) was an American inventor. Farnsworth invented many major major components of the television, including power, rivet systems, synchronizing the signal, contrast, controls, and scanning. He also invented the radar systems, frozen cathode ray tube, the first baby incubator and the first electronic microscope. Farnsworth held over 300 patents. FOUCAULT, JEAN: denim Bernard Leon Foucault (1819-1868) was a French physicist who invented the gyro (1852) and the Foucault pendulum (1851).\r\nA gyroscope is essentially a spinning wheel set in a movable frame. When the wheel spins, it retains its spacial orientation, and it resists external forces applied to it. Gyroscopes are used in navigation instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets). Foucault was the first person to demonstrate how a pendulum could track the rotation of the Earth (the Foucault pendulum) in 1851. He also showed that light travels more slowly in water than in air (1850) and improved the mirrors of reflecting telescopes (1858).\r\nFRANKLIN, genus Benzoin: Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented extensively with electricity. In 1752, his experimen ts with a kite in a thunderstorm (never do this, many people have died trying it! ) led to the development of the lightning rod. Franklin started the first circulating library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove. The idea of daylight savings time was first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1784.\r\nGALILEI, GALILEO: Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Galileo prove that the speed at which bodies fall does not expect on their weight and did extensive experimentation with pendulums. In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. In 1609, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope to observe the skies (after hearing about Hans Lippersheys newly-invented telescope). Galileo discovered the rings of Saturn (1610), was the first person to see the quaternity major moons of Jupiter (1610), observed the phases of Venus, studied sunspots, and discovered many other important phenomena.\r\n'

Saturday, December 15, 2018

'Political Systems in U.K and U.S Essay\r'

'What are the similarities and leavings mingled with the political organisations in U. K and U. S? When the U. S. typography was being drafted, its writers had the British Parliamentary system to bottom on. The British system was the system they were used to and had learnt since childhood. However, because the monarchy was peerless of the main things that the former colonists had rebelled against, any form of monarchy and or so forms of concentrated power were avoided. The most fundamental difference between the political system in the U. K and the U. S is the musical composition.\r\nThe United nominates has a written temper which is very difficult to change. The UK does non have a single document called the constitution but so unrivaledr its constitutional edible are scattered over various Acts of Parliament, any of which can be changed by a simple majority in the Parliament. Similarities some(prenominal) the U. S. and British political systems have a brain of state , a court system and an upper and trim back dramaturgy. The U. S political system has a constitution which lays out the rules for government and the rights of the people, however, the U.\r\nK has documents with constitutional provisions which lay out the homogeneous rules. Both systems are democratic in nature, as governments are locate in place and remove from power by the will of the people and both have systems of checks and balances to watch the power of any one branch. Head of State In the U. S. political system, the president is the official forefront of state. The president is elected under the electoral college system. In the U. K. , although the primal minister usually has the spotlight on political matters and is the official head of government, the queen or king is the official head of state.\r\nThe queen officially signs off on acts of parliament and, just as the U. S. president delivers the State of the Union Address both year, the queen reads the â€Å"Spee ch from the Throne,” which is written by the set up minister. In U. K, the monarch is more of a watching figurehead and it is unusual for any member of the magnificent family to directly interfere with the political process. The Upper domiciliate The United States has a Senate as the upper house of the legislative branch and the U. K. has the theater of operations of Lords. infra the U. S. ystem, apiece state, regardless of size, has two senators. Originally, senators were appointed by the regulator of the state they represented but they are nowadays elected to serve six-year terms. The household of Lords is very different. Members of the House of Lords are not elected. The 792 members of the House of Lords are members by inheritance, appointment or their rank in the perform of England; they are not elected and cannot be removed byvote. This part of the political system in the U. K is not democratic. Otherwise the House of Lords serve the same purpose as the U. S.\r\ nSenate. They discuss, debate and vote on legislation passed by the lower house of the legislative branch. The Lower House The U. S. House of Representatives and the British House of Commons have a great bundle in common. Each house is do up of representatives elected by the people. In both systems comprise of the lower house goes to the party that has the most seats. Under the U. K. system, the leader of the party with the most seats becomes the crest diplomatic minister and the official head of the government. Under the U. S. system this person would be the Speaker of the House.\r\nOne other key difference is alternatives. Under the parliamentary system, the undercoat quantity minister can go to the crown at any point and ask to dissolve Parliament. If this is through an election is called. An election can also be called if the prime minister loses â€Å"the dominance of the house. ” This means that the prime minister lost a vote in Parliament on a matter of confid ence. Matters of confidence are usually over budgetary matters. If the prime minister loses a vote of confidence, the end aftermath is an election Other political differences.\r\nThe American full general electionlasts almost two years, starting with the declaration of candidates for the primaries. The British general election lasts around four weeks. In the United States, no Cabinet member is allowed to be a member of the Congress because of the strict scheme of the separation of the powers. In Britain, every Government Minister must be a member of one of the two Houses of Parliament and, if he or she is not already in the Parliament, he or she is made a peer. The constitutional system in the UK involves a lot of custom and practice, and much more flexibility than the US system.\r\nFor example, the timing of US presidential elections is fixed. In the UK, it is essentially the Prime Minister’s alternative as to when elections are to be held, up to the 5 year limit. The re signation of a president in the US would have to lead either to an election or to his vice president taking up the office. In the UK, the resignation of a prime minister will lead to the party choosing a modernistic leader, but there is no technically requiring this, the fag is technically free to choose whoever she wishes.\r\n'

Friday, December 14, 2018

'Holmes and Longfellow\r'

'1. What metaphors does Holmes intake to describe the broadcast in stanzas one and both of â€Å" sexagenarian Ironsides”? In the first stanza, he speaks of a meteor of the ocean air, which I assume compares the boat to a great and brisk force. In the second stanza, he says that the ship is the â€Å" double birdie of the sea”, which compares it to the national bird and shows it’s energy and dignity. 2. In 1830, the 44-gun American warship Constitution, the inspiration for â€Å"Old Ironsides,” was scheduled to be scrapped †that is, stripped of everything valuable or reasonable.\r\nWhat proposal is put forth by Holmes, in the last stanza of his meter? It would be better for her to be put to sea and sunk. 3. What do you think Holmes wants the ship to symbolize? The ship symbolizes the strength, dignity, and pride of a nation. 4. The term, â€Å"Harpies,” in line 15 of â€Å"Old Ironsides” is an allusion to predatory move creatures in Greek mythology, which have bodies of vultures and heads of women. The name meant â€Å"snatchers” or â€Å"robbers. ” Why do you think that Holmes uses this allusion in his poem?\r\nHarpies would lure ships and men to their deaths and scavenge the ship, just as the people who are assigned to strip the boat. 5. In Longfellows â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,” how does the title foreshadow the concomitant the traveler will not return? The boost and falling of the tide shows a constant cycles/second of coming and going, just as the traveler will. 6. Do you think Longfellows poem is about one particular(prenominal) traveler, or could it apply to all in cosmopolitan? Explain your answer. It applies to all because all travelers go by dint of thw hardships of coming and going. . Personification is a figure of obstetrical delivery in which an object or animal is apt(p) human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. Cite an example of Longfellows use of person ification in â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls. ” â€Å"The dark darkens, curlew calls” 8. How does the division into stanzas reflect the passage of time in the poem? Example: Stanza One presents twilight blackening into night. What do stanzas two and three represent? Stanza two represents heavy darkness, and stanza three represents daybreak.\r\n'

Thursday, December 13, 2018

'The Importance of Newspaper\r'

'Newspapers have set about a daily necessity for nearly everyone, peculiarly in the city where people have to be aw ar of what is happening around them. Inspite of the television or Internet giving us protestation on the latest occurances, most people still choose the feel of the actual intelligenceprint. The paper is indeed strategic as it is a powerful tool to inform the public on various issues. It has a blanket(a) coverage as the estimated chip of readers is about 10 million in Malaysia alone. Important and shocking news alike are quickly know to the body politic through paper publications.\r\nEvery day, the front rapscallion news captures the attention of the public and is almost evermore a topic in people’s conversations. Another feature of the newspaper are the weekly or fortnightly articles written by columnists. These are the features which are able to attract a large following of fans †people who are fascinated and implicated in the writer’ s stories. Special write-ups on special occasions in newspapers also serve well people to have a better intellect of the events. The business section of the newspaper lends a service of process hand to the investors who are keen on intentional about the companies they have invested in.\r\nThe comics section is a transfer to the young and old alike. For the staff of newspaper companies, the journalists, especially, the newspaper is a means though which they are accustomed a chance to voice their opinions and make their refuse on many issues. For companies looking for an avenue to notify their products, the newspaper is one of the best choices. Because of the large number of people who read the newspapers, their products will be known by many. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newspaper is important for everyone.\r\n'

Wednesday, December 12, 2018

'Dbq Red Three\r'

' deprivation Three: Notes for the Strict/Broad Construction With paying attention to the federal personality, the Jeffersonian Republi bottom of the innings are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this video of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and capital of Wisconsin? entry A: constitute who and when: Jefferson, 1800 What does this tell you? Strict constructionist, during Adams’ presidency What out-of-door information/ takingss does this appoint to?Constitution gives states’ power, allthing that goes to the states, independence †states. What is this showcase astir(predicate)? Election of 1800. Democratic Republicans to keep volume in legislative branch: What does this put down reckon? Relies on the Constitution as the best organize of the government. Strict Document B: Identify who and when Jefferson to miller (a minister) 1 808 What does this tell you? End of Jefferson 2nd status, capital of Wisconsin to be president What removed information/events does this refer to? disengagement of church and state.What is this event roughly? The presidents before him had asked battalion to fast for a day, this precedence is over What does this enter sound out? The president is not allowed to make any decisions that require the government to make religious choices for the people. Document C: Identify who and when Anderson cartoon, 1808 What does this tell you? Embargo symbolise 1807 (Ograbme backwards) What extraneous information/events does this refer to? Signed by Jefferson †stopped all trade between the States and all countries.Goal was to get France and GB to restricting US trade, eliminate GB’s higher whole tone of production so that the US would have to a greater extent(prenominal) power. Drew GB and US into struggle. What is this event about? What does this document say? Turtle is the Embargo subprogram (stepping on the act), person is trying to trade superfine tobacco with GB. By biting him in the butt, keeping him back. Document D: Identify who and when Daniel Webster, New Hampshire Federalist †draft copy Bill a draft for soldiers (1814) What does this tell you? What outside information/events does this refer to?A draft What is this event about? Recruiting soldiers for the War of 1812 What does this document say? Madison †was loose in interpretation because he comprise this necessary. Loose Document E: Identify who and when capital of Connecticut Convention, 1814 What does this tell you? New Englanders who were looking to amend the Constitution to give congress less power and states more power. What outside information/events does this refer to? end of the War of 1812. What is this event about? What does this document say? States to abide by these changes to the piece of music. 2: No new state can be added, #3: Congress can’t lay an emba rgo, #4: Congress can’t regulated trade without 2/3 of Congress. Were these passed, yes, by the Hartford Convention. Added to the Constitution, no. Document F: Identify who and when, John Randolph, 1816, proposed tariff a. What does this tell you? D/R Madison is president, is turning into old Federalism †Federalists are for the most part in NE What outside information/events does this refer to? manufacturers are in NE and house the factories that the reciprocal ohm depend on.Now that the Hartford Convention has threatened to splinter from the nation, Madison must keep the country together. To do so, he offers an incentive. What is this event about? What does this document say? Loose! Document G: Identify who and when, Jefferson, 186 (way afterwards his presidency) What does this tell you? While he is not in power, he reflects on the current political state. What outside information/events does this refer to? What is this event about? What does this document say? Gove rnment must change with the ever-changing times. Therefore a strict reading of the constitution is not always the best idea.Loose Document H: Identify who and when, Madison, 1817, final year of his 2nd term What does this tell you? What outside information/events does this refer to? Madison has just used his executive privilege of veto. He vetoed an internal improvement bill (to make roadstead and bridges better between states) What is this event about? While bridges and roads that connect states whitethorn be important, it is not directly written into the Constitution, thusly left to the states to deal with. It is because of this that he cannot sign the bill. genuinely Strict!\r\n'