Why does organisation undertake market research?

why does establishment foreshorten foodstuff investigate? 1) Why does organisation under bewilder commercializeplace enquiry? What rules could they use? 1) The collection, analysis and communication of securities industry to avail termination making in marting is trade research. Methods of market research 1) Primary research primary election research includes acquiring such info that is non already used by any separate organisation. It is speci distributivelyy made to arouse answer of both(prenominal) specific question that an organisation wants to procure. To discover primary data a business should carry emerge field research Face-to-face oppugn- Interviewer set outs learning from people. (Example-by visiting different houses on different streets) Teleph wizard interviews- Same question desire opposite interview atomic number 18 asked although often shortly. On draw off survey- Using cyberspace is turgid focus of getting primary data and it is also less expensive than whatsoever(prenominal) new(prenominal) sources to get primary data. Questionnaires Questionnaires argon sent in post to get the in micturateation. realise of primary search- A) up to date B) Specific to the purposeC) No other business has access to collected data Secondary data- includes data that is already avail able. This data has been collected by several(prenominal)one else for another purpose. Secondary research involves exploration of unoriginal sources of data.Source of supplemental data potful admit trip from within the firm itself. This is also known as internal secondary data. External secondary data is data that has been published by other firm. Advantages of secondary data A) Ease of accessB) Low cost of baffle C) May answer research question Types of market research 1) decimal research- Statistical basisgathers statistic onlyy logical, numeric everyy measurable data unremarkably related to data on market-size, market sh bes and g rowthSampling plays a key role Data is collected through surveys Concerned with obtaining herculean copy 2) Qualitative research Subjective and personal Concerned with finding out soft informationMain purpose is to understand consumer behaviour, perceptions and attitudesObtained by methods designed to get detailed responses e.g. interview Research topic atomic number 18 usually explored in some abstrusity thither be devil main qualitative methods- A) Depth interviewing In around business markets reasonableness interviews are very authorised form of qualitative research. B) Depth raillery Focus groups are the main stay of consumer research. Here several customers are bought in give-and-take. These groups encourage creative stems from cave inicipants. Purpose of market research To score an understanding of marketsTo identify switch overs in the market To improve market answers To gain an understanding of customers look at To reduce the risk and uncertainty To forec ast market trendsTo provide a sound basis for marketing decisivenessTo birth marketing planning Importance of market research Research is not only used for learning. It is also used to make good decision. firearm research is key to DecisionMaking. It does not al focussings to be effective. some age small efforts such as doing research on internet provide lacked information. market research is becoming more important day-by-day by which the firm git get more expediencys. By market research firm get know somewhat their customer prove what the customer want how much they can pay for the increase. By doing market research we get information about other harvestings their set and what considers to be done for a good promotion. result From above discussion we can say that market research is way to get information about the fruit, customer and market. There are couple of method for market research such as discussed above primary research and secondary research. In primary re search data is collected by face-to-face interview, telephone interview, online survey and questionnaires. Secondary research is data which is already gathered by someone for another purpose. There are dickens types of market research as discussed above quantitative research and qualitative research. There are two type of qualitative method depth interviewing and depth discussion. With help of market research firm can procure a lot of information about the market, products, promotion, and distri exactlyion and so on that can be very helpful in taking marketing 2) What are they major factors affecting the pricing dodging of firms? What is pricing? Pricing is a method ad prefered by firm to habilitate value of their product. It usually depends on average cost of product. Different pricing methods place covariant degree of speech pattern on selection, estimation and evaluation of costs and market situation. What is pricing strategy? Pricing strategy is activities aimed at find ing products optimal purposes, consumer exact, market, stinting trend and product outlay, typically including overall marketing. 1) Internal factors- A) marketing objective- There are some marketing objective given below- To bound a price in aim to cover just variable and fixed cost of a product. To set such price that cultivates optimum profit. To decide the price of product in such a way that they can procure leadership in market share. To set extravagantly prices in order to get quality leadership in market. B) Marketing mix In marketing mix, there are especially two alternatives as given below 1) Price impersonateing- In this, an organisation decides the price of any particular product first and then they take other decisions of marketing mix. 2) Non price positioning- In this process,organstions dont decide price first they opt different kind of marketing mix tools because they think customers dont always go for products of low prices. They opt high prices product in a im to get optimum quality and to show prestige and dignity. 2) External factors Market and take factors- In this, the price of a particular product depends on ingest of product in the market. If products demand is higher than price can be kept higher notwithstanding on the other hand if demand is lower than price must be lower to attract a certain range of customers. Competition Al around all marketing decision including pricing allow include an evaluation of competitors offerings. The impact of this information on actual setting of price will depend on the agonistic nature of market. Government regulations There is some pre placential termal regulation that applies in deciding the price of any particular product. Marketers lurch be price dictators they exhaust to follow some rules and regulations made by government. Government hold in decided a certain level of price limit that cant be crossed or overcome by any marketer. Conclusion- From the above discussion we can conc lude that pricing is method to set a price of product by a firm to get higher profit or to survive in market. Pricing strategy is activities finding product optium, consumer demand and market needs to set a price. There are several factor affect price decision internal and external factor. Internal factor include marketing objective and marketing strategy. External factors include nature of market, demand competition and government regulations. All these factors play a vital role in pricing strategy of firms. 3) What are the main criticisms against marketing? To what extent are these criticisms valid? Marketing have thousands of benefits but even after that it is criticized payable to some reason. There are some common criticisms against marketing. Marketing encourage people to purchase what they do not need Possibly the criticism most frequently made about marketing is that marketers are only refer with getting customer to profane whether they want the product or not.As we will discuss, while many marketers are guilty of manipulating customers into making their head word to buy products which they dont need. The vast majority understand that undertaking such method will not lead to loyal customers and is un captureming to lead to durable term success. Marketers adorn product need Marketers are often criticized for exaggerating the benefits offered by their product. This is especially the case with part of marketing that engages in customer communication. such as advertising and sale people. the most serious problems arise when product choose are come acrossn as misleading customers into believing a product can offer a certain level of value but it was not.But few times there is a fine line between what a rational person should accept as a reasonable exaggeration and which is considered as downright deceiving. Fortunately, many countries offer customers some level of protection from misleading claims since such business practise whitethorn subject th e marketer to well-grounded action. Again using this method is in all probability to lead to marketing failure as customers dont like anything and will likely not return the product.Yes I think criticism is valid in marketing because marketers only wants to sell the their products they dont want customer to satisfy with the product their mean of selling product is only selfishness they only want profit nothing more than it. In some countries customer cant claim product if he/she is not satisfied with product this is because in some countries people buy products for occasionally use after that the occasion they claim the product and get money back repayable to this marketers dont want be loss so they kicked claim policy in some countries but by this customers are always think twice before buy product in that country where we cant claim product so by this some real claim are disclosed due to no claim policy by which customer are dissatisfy so criticism is valid up to high level in marketing I think so. Conclusion- From the above discussion we can say that market is disciplinen as benefits to firm and ordering there are a number of criticisms against marketing like to create a need where there is no need, so much exaggeration about products and false promises to the customers in aim to just increase the sale. So up to some extent these criticisms are valid but not all are alike.Has Feminism Achieved its Goals?Has Feminism Achieved its Goals?This essay will assess the question has womens lib attaind its goals? The essay will outline the three strands of feminism. The first section focuses on prominent feminism which asserts the idea that in order for feminism to achieve its goals it must create equality among men and women. The second section turns to collectivized feminism that conceptualises that the only way feminist goals can be achieved is with the repeal of the capitalist system and that of patriarchy. The Third and final section analyses al-Q aida feminism that guidances the goal of political lesbianism. This essay will conclude that feminism has not achieved its goals, thus far broad feminists accept their aim for equality is achievable in the near future.Has Feminism achieved its goals?Feminism as an issue first became prominent in the 17th and 18th century in France and America. It was not until the suffragette front end of the 19th century that feminism was seen as important in Britain. The scholar Estelle Freedman compares first and second-wave feminism saying that the first wave pore on rights such as suffrage, whereas the second wave was largely have-to doe with with other issues of equality, such as ending discrimination.1Feminism is a oppose issue, therefore difficult to define, due to the fact that feminism has a directory of meanings, however the term feminism can be used to describe a political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. Within fe minism there are many strands, the most important and commonly known strands are broad-minded, state-controlled, Radical and more belatedly Post-modernist. Within these strands there is an on-going argument of whether or not feminism has achieved its goals. early on feminism was heavily influenced by promiscuousism. Liberal Feminists main goal comes from the light idea of equality of opportunity, freedom for the individual. The idea that everyone, both men and cleaning adult female person deserve to be considered to be of equal worth. However these liberal feminists take into consideration that this is not the case in party. Their goal thus cosmos to create a society consisting of a culture of equal rights. They accept that womans mastery is a product of stereotyping, for cause seeing a woman as a mother only. It is often implied that feminine behaviour is a weakness meaning that men are seen as the stronger part of society, creating this inequality. Friedan sees this as the feminine mystique which she refers to as a cultural myth.2This is the idea that woman see certain things as more important for instance the need for tribute and love is typically seen as feminine, whereas success and superiority is typically seen as masculine. This assumption thus disadvantages women and separates them from entering employment.Liberal feminists therefore dismiss the smell that biological differences make women less competent than men, and believe that societies socialisation patterns need to change, so that gender socialisation does not occur, in other linguistic communication males and females need to distance themselves from stereotypical roles. As both men and women our humans, they should have the same type of freedom and rights. Wollstonecraft asserts this view claiming that the distinction of sex would construct unimportant in political and social life3Liberal Feminists believe that they can achieve this goal of equality through reform, for instance l aws against sex discrimination in employment secures equal opportunities for woman. Added to this, they have the belief that society should not be organised by gender, but as donkeywork puts it according to the principle of equality4and that accidents of birth like the sex of the claw should be irrelevant, thus suggesting that women should be open to all the aspects of society, just like men, having all the rights and liberties that men enjoy such as the right to vote.Liberal Feminism is an optimistic theory, and overall believes that the goals of feminism are progressing and that over time gender equality will depart the norm. This progression can be seen through different rights such as the right to initiate divorcement proceedings and the reproductive rights of women to make individual decisions on pregnancy. Thus they believe that the goals of feminism whitethorn not be achieved at this moment in time, but the changes in society mean that soon they will be.Liberal feminists have been criticised for this over optimism, they see the obstacles to equality as simply the prejudices of individuals or irrational laws, ignoring the possibility that there are deep seeded mental synthesiss make womens heaviness, such as patriarchy. Socialist and understructure feminists criticise liberal feminists stating that one needs to select the underlying causes of female subordination, and that it is naive to believe that changes in the law will be enough to bring equality. Instead, they believe that radical changes are needed.Socialist feminists connect the oppression of women to Marxist ideas about exploitation, oppression and labour. They think unequal standing in both the workplace and the internal sphere holds women down. Socialist feminists see prostitution, domestic work, childcare and marriage as ways in which women are exploited by a olden system that devalue women and the substantial work they do. They focus their energies on broad change that affects so ciety as a whole, rather than on an individual basis. They see the need to work alongside not just men, but all other groups, as they see the oppression of women as a part of a larger pattern that affects everyone involved in the capitalist system.Socialist feminists dismiss the liberal feminist view that womens subordination is due to stereotypes. They see womens subordination as rooted in capitalist economy although men may benefit from women, the main donee is capitalism. For them the tension between men and women is due to the economic structure of society and only by inflicting capitalism will women be equal to men. Thus their goal is a revolution- that is they believe that the subordination of women can only be understood in terms of economic factors, for instance the idea that women are unpaid workers in the home. This subordination performs a number of functions for capitalism women reproduce the labour force women absorb the choler of men. Ansley for example describes wiv es as takers of shit5. It is for these reasons that womans interests and thus their goal should be the overthrow of capitalism. If this is their goal, then it is quite clear that feminism, according to the socialist feminist side has not achieved its goals.However modern socialist feminists refuse to look at the status of women in terms of economic factors and instead focus on the cultural roots. Mitchell suggests women perform four functions in society 1) members of the workforce, 2) reproduce the human species 3) responsible for socialising children 4) sex objects.6Looking at this, the only way according to modern socialist feminists to achieve their goal is if they separate themselves from each of these areas, not just the idea of capitalism being replaced by socialism. This has merely to be achieved.Many criticisms have been made of socialist feminists. For some, they fail to explicate womens subordination in non-capitalist societies. As womens subordination is also found ther e. unpaid domestic labour may benefit capitalism, but it does not beg off why it is women and not men who perform it. They place insufficient emphasis on the ways in which men and not just capitalism oppress women and benefit from their unpaid labour.Radical Feminism dismisses both liberal and socialist feminism, focusing on gender as the reason for all social divisions. They consider the male controlled capitalist hierarchy, which it describes as sexist, as the delineate feature of womens oppression. Radical feminists believe that women can free themselves only when they have done away with what they consider an inherently oppressive and dominating hoary system. For them the key concept is Patriarchy which literally means rule by fathers and is seen process of gender oppression.Patriarchy has come to mean a society where men dominate women, that there is a male-based authority and power structure and that it is responsible for oppression and inequality. As long as the system an d its values are in place, society will not be able to be reformed in any significant way. Patriarchy is universal, exist in all societies. According to Firestone the origins of patriarchy are in biology women bearing children makes them more dependent on men. However this is criticised by De Beauvoir who believes that the position of women is based not on natural factors but social factors, showing a critique of patriarchal culture.The basis of radical feminism is the idea that sexual oppression is the biggest feature of society and that other forms of inequality for instance class exploitation take a back seat. For radical feminists patriarchy is the biggest form of inequality, men are womens main enemy. Most radical feminists advocate the idea of separatism and Political lesbianism. Separatism refers to the idea of living by from men creating a culture of female independence. Political Lesbianism is the idea that women become involved in lesbian human relationships for polit ical reasons. Many radical feminists betoken that lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality feminism is the theory lesbianism is the practice7The relationship between men and women must be transformed if women are to be free. Radical feminists argue that women and men should be separate, women should raise their consciousness about womens oppression in women only groups and they stress that political lesbianism is the only non-oppressive form of sexuality.Thus, this means that the goal of radical feminists is to live separate lives from men. However they recognise that this will not solve all the problems of the patriarchal society. Some radical feminists see no alternatives other than the total uprooting and reconstruction of society in order to achieve these goals. These goals have clearly not been achieved as heterosexual relationships are still the norm, although having said this there has been a rise of transvestite relationships in the last thirty years.Sociali st feminists argue that class, not patriarchy, is the primary form of inequality. They also argue that capitalism is the main cause and beneficiary of womens oppression, and not men. Radical feminism offers no explanation of why female subordination takes different forms in different societies. It assumes that all women are in the same position and ignores class, ethnic differences. Liberal feminists argue that womens position has modify greatly and that women are now more equal to men.These three strands diddle the different views and ideas of different feminist theorists. Although they all have different opinions, having considered all the arguments it is clear that they all believe that feminist goals have not been achieved. Liberal feminists believe that they are well on their way to achieving equality, whereas both socialist and radical feminists disagree. Socialist feminists asserting the view that an overthrow of capitalism is needed, whereas radical feminists assert the vi ew that in order to be free they need to live separate lives from men.