Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 & 18 Study Guide Essay

1. The cardinal well-nigh important stoops on erudition thought were who? John Locke and Isaac northward 2. After 1688, wide Britain permitted religious acceptation to which root words? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any separate European nation at the theme of the enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate frequent and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a bracing and increasing influential complaisant force c totallyed what? normal opinion 5. compose by Voltaire in English and ulterior translated to cut, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of cut troupe. What is this books act? Letters on the English 6. Philosophies criticized the Christian church for galore(postnominal) things, but not for what? Ta pansy too limited a role in national politics.7. The two major points in the Deists creed were what? The sentiment in an aft(prenominal)life dependent upon unrivaleds e rusehly actions and the existence of a rational theology. 8. Which of the adjacent figures came closest to godlessness in their religious thinking? office dHolbach 9. According to Ethics, the to the highest degree storied of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him. Who was this? Spinoza 10. This eighteenth century philosopher was known as the Judaic Socrates. Who is this man? Mendelssohn 11. Pascal and other critics cut this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuous religion because of its teaching method that heaven was a place of esthetical delights. What is this religion? Islam 12. The Encyclopedia did what? secularized learning and circulate Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 13. He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the puzzle of making punishments both effecti ve and just. Who is this? marquis Cesare Beccaria 14. Adam Smith advocated what? The ending of Eng debarks mercantile system.15. According to Smith, government should proffer what? Schools, armies, navies and roads. 16. According to Smiths four-stage theory, gentleman societies moved from where to where? Barbarism to Civilization 17. The most important semipolitical thought of the Enlightenment occurred in what country? France 18. He contended that the emergence of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted homosexual nature. Who is he? Rousseau 19. Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, self-seeking goals. Who is this? John Locke 20. Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment favored what? the extension of European empires cross airs the earthly concern 21. Herder is famous for his wee views concerning what? cultural relati vism22. The philosophies generally were not what? avid feminists 23. He maintained that women were not by nature inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. He was as well as sympathetic in his observations concerning the take to be situated on womens appearance and the injustice women met as they aged. Who was he? Montesquieu 24. Which of the quest styles of prowess utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an tension on pastel colors and the extend of light? Rococo 25. Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world? Neoclassicism 26. Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than wound up and their subject matter usually bear on what? Public life or public morals. 27. He was a toilsome royalist who in 1759 published a chronicle of the Russian Empire under diaphysis the Great, which declared, Peter was born, and Russia was formed Who said this? Voltaire 28. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II make pundit reforms as vocalization of their grow to do what? Increase revenues and gain political support.29. This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more(prenominal) than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism included all of the following rulers mare Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, Catherine II 31. Of all the wage increase states of the 18th century, this state was the most versatile in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following limited the step of labor the nobility could demand from peasants completed a very efficient revenue enhancement system expanded primary reading created central councils to deal with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria so ught to improve the productivity and neighborly conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility35. As vocalization of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what saucily independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. fag Louis XVI convened the solid ground of the realms General in localise to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The French parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was responsible for the introduction of the alterationary land tax that all landowners would have to put up regardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The fan tan of Paris declared that only the_______________ could engraft new taxes. Estates General 40. The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of what group? The Nobility 41. By the following way the aristocracy attempted to limit the influence of the Third Estate. What is this attempt? Th ey demanded that each estate have an equal number of representatives 42. The cahiers de doleances presented to the king included all of the following grievances establishment waste, corruption, indirect taxes, and the hunting rights of the aristocracy.43. The Tennis flirt Oath points to an oath taken by what party? National host to succumb France a constitution 44. Throughout the spend and spring of 1789, the high prices for what commodity produced many riots? Bread 45. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was title by what group? the National component part Assembly 46. During the Great Fear what happened? Peasants acquire rights and property they had lost to aristocratic resurgence. 47. Which of the following stovepipe describes the form of government pursue by the National Constituent Assembly? constitutional monarchy 48. According to the suffrage stipulations of the character of 1791, approximately how many of Frances 25 million citizens were qualified to vote? 50,00049. The Chapelier equity did what? forbade workers associations 50. The Roman Catholic Church condemned the _________________________. French Revolution 51. The following statement or so the Jacobins are not true they were the most conservative political group in the National Constituent Assembly 52. The enclosure sans culottes was used in revolutionary France to refer to what? Workers 53. The sans culottes wanted what above all else? nation 54. Louis XVI was condemned to death on the shake up of what? Conspiring against the liberty of the people. 55. As Prime curate of England, William Pitt the Younger did what? Suppressed reform AND popular movements 56. The following best summarizes Edmund Burkes view of the French Revolution He believed it was shortsighted and politically ignorant57. By April 1793, the following countries were at war with France Spain, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia 58. Issued in August of 1793, the lvee en masse was a what? military req uire on the entire population 59. By late 1794, the French army was the _______________________ in European history. Largest army 60. The core value of the republic of virtue created by the revolution was what? Public good over mysterious good 61. The following was not part of the ideology embraced by Maximilien de Robespierre? Embrace Christianity 62. galore(postnominal) victims of the Reign of Terror were subject to what charitable form of execution? Guillotine63. The legal philosophy of 22 Prairial, passed on June 10 of 1794, permitted the _________ __________________________ without essential evidence. conviction of counterrevolutionaries 64. The Thermidorian reaction resulted in all of the following a pull hindquarters from the radical revolution a new constitution the closing of the Paris Jacobin participation the reduction of the political power of the sans culottes 65. The Bands of deliverer did what? murdered suspected Jacobins 66. The following best summarizes the c omparison of freedoms exercised by women before 1789 versus after 1795? Women had more freedom before 1789 67. The French Revolution has often been considered a advantage of what group? Bourgeoisie 68. The Treaties of Basel in knock against and June 1795 concluded peace with whom? Spain and Prussia